Structures of Seed Plants (Ch 12, Section 4: Text or SIR )

What are 2 Kinds of Vascular Tissues? Xylem (zi-lem): Transports Water and Minerals from roots to shoots Phloem (flo-em): Transports Food Materials Both types of vascular tissues are in all parts of vascular plants Recall that nonvascular plants, such as mosses don’t have conducting tissues (vessels) to transport water, minerals or food.

ROOTS What are 3 Functions? Absorb water & dissolved materials from soil Hold plants to soil Store surplus food made during photosynthesis Can be above or below ground

Stems What are Functions? Connect roots to leaves & reproductive structures Support plant body Transport materials from roots to leaves and reproductive structures Some also store materials (cactus)

Stems Stems vary in shape and size Some are underground Tree trunks are stems

Leaves What are functions? Main job: make food via photosynthesis Chloroplasts in leaf cells capture energy Absorb carbon dioxide from air Use captured energy to make food (sugar) from carbon dioxide and water

Flowers Function #1- Structure of Reproduction Parts: –Stamen: Male reproductive structure / Produces pollen –Pistil: Female productive structure –Ovary: Located at base of pistil / produces eggs in ovule –Ovule: Located in ovary / produces embryo sac (egg) that develops into a seed after fertilization

Flowers Function #2: Helping reproductive process by Bright/fragrant: attract insects to pollinate Smell bad: attract flies to pollinate Produce nectar: sugar to attract birds/insects No Flowers? (Gymnosperms) Depend on wind to spread pollen (pollination) ; conifers (pines) and cycads (palms) common gymnosperms

Flowering and Non-Flowering Seed Plants Angiosperms = seed plants with flowers & fruits. Gymnosperms = seed plants without flowers or fruit. Examples: Conifers (pines and evergreens), Cycads (palms), others Both need pollen to transfer from male to female (= pollination) for reproduction to happen