Binary Acids A few examples: HF – Hydrofluoric Acid HCl – Hydrochloric Acid H 2 S – Hydrosulfuric acid For now we will stick with Arrhenius’ theory of acids and say: Acids always take the form: HX You can easily identify an acid because its formula will begin with an H ion Binary acid names always take the form: hydro____ic Acid (Fill in the blank with the shortened name for the anion)
Polyatomic Acids HC 2 H 3 O 2 anion = Acet ate Acet ic Acid HClO 3 – anion = Chlor ate Chlor ic Acid H 2 SO 3 - anion = Sulf ite Sulf ous Acid H 3 PO 4 – anion = Phosph ate Phosphor ic Acid Polyatomic Acids always take the form: HXYZ Polyatomic acid names always take one of two forms: If the anion ended in “ate” or “ide” ____ic Acid If the anion ended in “ite” ____ous Acid (Fill in the blank with the shortened name for the anion)
Bases A few examples: NaOH – Sodium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 – Magnesium hydroxide Fe(OH) 3 – Iron (III) hydroxide NH 4 OH - Ammonium hydroxide For now we will stick with Arrhenius’ theory of bases and say: Bases always take the form XOH You can easily identify an acid because its formula will end with an OH ion OH 1- = Hydroxide ion Bases are always named as you would name any other ionic compound
Try a few on your own… Name the following acids: H 2 C 2 O 4 HNO 3 H 2 SO 3 HBr Write formulas for these acids Hydroiodic acid Nitrous acid Chromic acid
Try a few on your own… Name the following acids: H 2 C 2 O 4 (anion = oxalate) Oxalic acid HNO 3 (anion = nitrate) Nitric acid H 2 SO 3 (anion = sulfite) Sulfurous acid HBr (anion = bromide) Hydrobromic acid Write formulas for these acids Hydroiodic acid (hydro in the name means binary acid!) HI Nitrous acid (ous in the name means anion was an -ite) HNO 2 Chromic acid (ic in the name means anion was an -ate) H 2 CrO 4
Is water an acid or a base? If we write water as H 2 O If we write water as HOH Depending on the situation, water’s formula may be written in one of two ways… What does this formula tell you about water? Is it an acid or a base? How would you name it in this form? What does this formula tell you about water? Is it an acid or a base? How would you name it in this form?