Warren G Harding President: Republican “A Return to Normalcy” Friends with big business Scandals by cabinet Disarmament Quota Acts limited immigration.

Teapot Dome Scandal Harding's “Ohio Gang” Albert Fall secretary of the Interior sells government land in Wyoming for profit. Made Harding look bad.

Calvin Coolidge 1924-Republican Supported big business. High Tariffs, allowed mergers, and lowered business or corporate taxes. No scandals ”The chief business of America is business.”

Farmers suffer during the 1920’s Europe doesn’t need our crops anymore. Surplus crops cause prices to fall Government does not reach out.

Anti-Unionism in the 1920s Unions became associated with communism and the Red Scare The IWW or Wobblies were a very radical union that was seen as a threat Our government sided against unions

Sacco- Vanzetti case Convicted of murder Italian anarchists Many people felt innocent victims of Red Scare

Effects of the Car Industry to Midwest More Freedom and independence for teenagers and women Growth of Suburbs

Diffusion of Popular Culture Radio, Movies, Newspapers, Advertising People had more time for hobbies (Unions and labor laws). Americans were brought together. All Americans were using the same products (cars*, food, etc…)

1920’s Presidents and Big Business Harding (1920), Coolidge (1924), and Hoover (1928) Republicans Laissez faire economics Little regulation of business, credit/ stock market

Easy Credit in the 1920’s Americans get into debt and stop purchasing and also default on loans This fuels the great depression which starts in 1929

Scopes trial Fundamentalism vs. Evolution John Scopes is a biology teacher who taught evolution in a public school This was illegal in Tennessee ACLU defends Scopes He loses, but it shows how traditional values were being challenged

Fundamentalism (Creationism) vs. Science (evolution)

Flappers Young Women with a new attitude toward morality and their role in society They had an emancipated (free) attitude toward life.

The Changing Role of Women Women did an outstanding job in the workforce during the war. Women were getting educated and then received vote in Marriage no longer the only acceptable goal. You could have a career. Women took more of an equal role in society. They became an important voting block for politicians.

19 th Amendment In 1920 Women get the right to vote. This was due to efforts of women in WWI and agitators who called for suffrage. They became an important voting block.

18 th Amendment Prohibition (No Alcohol) Made alcohol illegal Lasted until 1933 Led to more organized crime Al Capone and others took control of the liquor industry.

Volstead Act This law gave the U.S. Treasury Department the power to enforce Prohibition. Organized crime made it difficult to enforce.

Nativism and Intolerance (again)… Nativist groups such as the KKK tried to preserve their cultural values and way of life. Lack of jobs and Red Scare contributed to racial tension.

The Quota Acts of the 1920’s Quota Acts restricted immigration. It was designed to discriminate against the later arrivals to America (SE Europe) 3% rule

Quota Act of 1921 Limits immigration from southern and Eastern Europe Designed to discriminate from later arriving immigrants Nativist response

Palmer Raids U.S. Attorney General who used ruthless tactics to deport and imprison suspected communists. Progressives spoke out against his actions and some formed the ACLU.

ACLU Formed in 1920’s to protect Civil Liberties (rights). For example against the Palmer Raids. Defended Scopes in Evolution trial They do many 1 st amendment cases.

Harlem Renaissance This was a rebirth of African American Culture. Writers, Jazz musicians and Actors. It spread the message of “Black Pride” and political unity. Harlem was near NAACP HQ and home to many educated African Americans.

Zora Hurston and Langston Hughes Zora Hurston and Langston Hughes were famous writers from the Harlem Renaissance. Their messages cultivated Black pride and political unity.

“I too America” Achievements of African Americans overcoming obstacles. This poem notes that equality will be achieved.

Marcus Garvey Back to Africa Movement Message of Black Pride He had his own steamship company. Many Black leaders took his message of unity, but did not call for going back to Africa.

W.E.B Dubois vs. Booker T. Washington Dubois and the NAACP believed that Blacks should aggressively seek their civil rights and equality. Booker said that Blacks should focus on education and then gradually seek equality. He founded Tuskegee institute to help train people with useful skills.