Permafrost, Ground Ice, and Soils Databases: USA summary Brief overview of US databases involving permafrost, soils, and ground ice Brief overview of US databases involving permafrost, soils, and ground ice Includes soil climate Includes soil climate Several organizations are international programs Several organizations are international programs

National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Primary archive of NSF, NASA, NOAA, and others Primary archive of NSF, NASA, NOAA, and others Frozen Ground Data Frozen Ground Data Active layer Active layer Cryosols Cryosols Ground ice Ground ice Periglacial processes Periglacial processes Permafrost Permafrost Rock Glaciers Rock Glaciers Seasonally frozen ground Seasonally frozen ground Soil Temperature Soil Temperature

Dry Valley Drilling Project (DVDP) Joint effort with Japan, New Zealand, USA Joint effort with Japan, New Zealand, USA Reconnaissance during IGY 1959 Reconnaissance during IGY 1959 Drilled post-IGY 15 cores, 2 km total Drilled post-IGY 15 cores, 2 km total Goal was to study past 10 Ma history Goal was to study past 10 Ma history Geology, Geochemistry, Biology Geology, Geochemistry, Biology

Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Established 1980, 26 sites Established 1980, 26 sites McMurdo Dry Valleys McMurdo Dry Valleys Microbial ecosystem, ephemeral streams, closed basin lakes Microbial ecosystem, ephemeral streams, closed basin lakes Data on: meteorology, streams, lakes, glaciers, soils Data on: meteorology, streams, lakes, glaciers, soils Palmer Palmer Ecosystem focus Ecosystem focus

VALMAP (Valleys in Antarctica: Layered Mapping, Analysis, and Planning VALMAP) Aerial Photography Aerial Photography Bedrock Geology Bedrock Geology Firn, Glaciers Firn, Glaciers Lakes Lakes Ground-Penetrating Radar Ground-Penetrating Radar Soils Soils Bockheim Pits Bockheim Pits Campbell Pits Campbell Pits Satellite Imagery Satellite Imagery Ground Ice (extensive survey) Ground Ice (extensive survey) Streams Streams Topography Topography Server is currently inactive but should reopen on USGS web server

University of Wisconsin Antarctic Soils Database Bockheim, students, & colleagues from 1975 to 1987, 481 soils Bockheim, students, & colleagues from 1975 to 1987, 481 soils Archived with National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) ( ) Archived with National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) ( ) Compliments database of Ian Campbell from New Zealand Compliments database of Ian Campbell from New Zealand Included in VALMAP and other soil maps Included in VALMAP and other soil maps

Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) Initiated by the International Permafrost Association (IPA) Initiated by the International Permafrost Association (IPA) Organize and manage a global network of permafrost observatories for detecting, monitoring, and predicting climate change Organize and manage a global network of permafrost observatories for detecting, monitoring, and predicting climate change Authorized under the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Authorized under the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Permafrost and Climate in Europe (PACE) contributions Permafrost and Climate in Europe (PACE) contributions Two components Two components 1) Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) network which was established in 1990 active layer (the surface layer that freezes and thaws annually) 2) Monitor the thermal state of the underlying permafrost primarily using deep boreholes

Antarctic Candidate Boreholes GTN-P Borehole # NameDepth (m) ClassInvestigator(s)maslpf-depth (m) CAL M A1Antarctic >282DBGary Clow20>282 A2Antarctic19SHRon Sletten/David Gilichinsky 1273 A4A A3Simpson Crags8SUMauro Guglielmin A6 A4Boulder Clay3.6SUMauro Guglielmin A7 A5M. Keinath1SUMauro Guglielmin A13 A6Incinerator Point2.4SUM. Ramos30 A7Mount Reina Sofía 1.2SUM. Ramos274 A8Marble Point1.2SUCampbell/ Paetzold60A3 A9Bull Pass1.2SUCampbell/ Paetzold150A2 A10Scott Base1.2SUCampbell/ Paetzold80A1 (Borehole class: SU (surface 125); * CALM sites)

NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service) Joint program with Landcare, New Zealand Joint program with Landcare, New Zealand Under auspices of Global Climate Change Program, part of GTN-P Under auspices of Global Climate Change Program, part of GTN-P Soils characterization (SCS standardized protocol) Soils characterization (SCS standardized protocol) Monitor meteorology, soil temperature & moisture, Active Layer thickness Monitor meteorology, soil temperature & moisture, Active Layer thickness First site 1998, 7+ sites First site 1998, 7+ sites

Other resources Satellite & Remote sensing Satellite & Remote sensing SAR SAR Microwave Microwave Ground ice Ground ice Thermal Thermal GPS monitoring GPS monitoring (UNAVCO) (UNAVCO) Monitor soil movement Monitor soil movement