Organic Chemistry Chapters

Organic Chemistry Organic vs. Inorganic Chemistry- organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not Organic vs. Inorganic Chemistry- organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not Organic Compounds- initially obtained only from living organisms (living & fossilized) EX: crude oil, protein, fats, dyes, coal Organic Compounds- initially obtained only from living organisms (living & fossilized) EX: crude oil, protein, fats, dyes, coal

Organic Synthesis human induced production of organic compounds in a lab setting human induced production of organic compounds in a lab setting EX: pharmaceuticals, additives EX: pharmaceuticals, additives

Organic Vocabulary Hydrocarbon- compound containing only C & H Hydrocarbon- compound containing only C & H Derivatives- compounds where H is replaced by another type of atom Derivatives- compounds where H is replaced by another type of atom Carbon Backbone- longest carbon chain within a molecule (also used to name the compound) Carbon Backbone- longest carbon chain within a molecule (also used to name the compound) Unbranched- carbon backbone form a linear structure Unbranched- carbon backbone form a linear structure Branched- carbon backbone branches off at least once Branched- carbon backbone branches off at least once Saturated- contains all C-C single bonds Saturated- contains all C-C single bonds Unsaturated- contain at least 1 C=C or C≡C bond Unsaturated- contain at least 1 C=C or C≡C bond

Drawing Simple Hydrocarbons Alkanes- saturated hydrocarbons (C n H 2n+2 ) Alkanes- saturated hydrocarbons (C n H 2n+2 ) prefixes: meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec- prefixes: meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec- ending: -ane ending: -ane Alkenes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least 1 C=C bond (C n H 2n ) Alkenes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least 1 C=C bond (C n H 2n ) end in –ene (Ex: C 5 H 10 = pentene) end in –ene (Ex: C 5 H 10 = pentene) Alkynes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least 1 C≡C bond (C n H 2n-2 ) Alkynes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least 1 C≡C bond (C n H 2n-2 ) end in –yne (Ex: C 5 H 8 = pentyne) end in –yne (Ex: C 5 H 8 = pentyne)

Naming and Isomers Isomers- compounds with exact molecular formulas, but different structural formulas Isomers- compounds with exact molecular formulas, but different structural formulas Isomers have different names... Isomers have different names... Naming: Naming: Identify longest chain of carbons (backbone) Identify longest chain of carbons (backbone) Number carbons in the backbone Number carbons in the backbone Decide prefix and ending (are there double/triple bonds?) Decide prefix and ending (are there double/triple bonds?) Number substituent groups (Ex: methyl, ethyl, etc.) Number substituent groups (Ex: methyl, ethyl, etc.) Alphabetize Alphabetize

Drawing/Naming Isomers EXAMPLE: C 6 H 14 EXAMPLE: C 6 H 14

Assignment Drawing Handout p. 2 pkt Drawing Handout p. 2 pkt

Organic Functional Groups commonly found groups of atoms that appear in many organic compounds (see handout) commonly found groups of atoms that appear in many organic compounds (see handout) R Represents ANY hydrocarbon group R Represents ANY hydrocarbon group

Common Functional Groups

Benzene and Aromatics Benzene (C 6 H 6 )- probably the most important aromatic compound (used in plastics, dyes, medicines, paint, explosives, fragrances, etc) Benzene (C 6 H 6 )- probably the most important aromatic compound (used in plastics, dyes, medicines, paint, explosives, fragrances, etc) Aromatic- compounds containing benzene rings Aromatic- compounds containing benzene rings

Gasoline, Esters, Polymers Fractional Distillation- used to separate crude oil into useful products Fractional Distillation- used to separate crude oil into useful products Esterification- making esters from an acid and an alcohol Esterification- making esters from an acid and an alcohol Polymerization- making large repeating molecules Polymerization- making large repeating molecules Addition- no particles lost Addition- no particles lost Condensation- eliminates particles Condensation- eliminates particles

Assignment Assignment Assignment P. 4-6 pkt P. 4-6 pkt

NEXT WEEK MONDAY: MONDAY: TUESDAY: TUESDAY: WEDNESDAY: WEDNESDAY: THURSDAY: THURSDAY: