Chapter 5 Tissues

Two or more cell types combined 4 major tissue types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous

Epithelial Tissues General Characteristics Widespread Covers Organs Lines body surfaces Lack blood vessels Have a basement membrane

Epithelial Tissues Basement membrane Non-living layer that connects epithelial tissues to connective tissues SSS rug

Epithelial Tissues Functions Protection Secretion Absorption Excretion Sensory Reception

Epithelial Tissues Simple Squamous Epithelium Single layer Thin flat cells Functions gas exchange

Epithelial Tissues Simple Squamous Epithelium Location Lining of blood vessels Air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs

Epithelial Tissues Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Cube shaped cells Centrally located nuclei Functions Secretion Absorption

Epithelial Tissues Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Location Kidney tubules

Epithelial Tissues Simple Columnar Epithelium Elongated cells Nuclei near basement membrane Have goblet cells Secrete mucus

Epithelial Tissues Simple Columnar Epithelium Functions Protection Secretion Absorption

Epithelial Tissues Simple Columnar Epithelium Locations Small intestine Stomach Uterus

Epithelial Tissues Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium (PCCE) Falsely Layered Varying level of nuclei Cilia Goblet cells

Epithelial Tissues Functions Move material Locations Respiratory tract (trachea) Uterine tubes

Epithelial Tissues Stratified Squamous Epithelium Layered Flattened cells Functions Protection

Epithelial Tissues Stratified Squamous Epithelium Locations Outer layer of skin Mouth, Throat Vagina Anal Canal

Epithelial Tissues Transitional Epithelium Cell shapes a merry mish mosh Function Distensibility Location Urinary bladder

Epithelial Tissues Glandular Epithelium Epithelium found in glands Two Major Gland types Endocrine Exocrine

Exocrine Glands Three types Merocrine Release watery protein-rich fluid by exocytosis Serous Mucous

Exocrine Glands Apocrine Loose small parts of the cell bodies during secretion Mammary glands

Exocrine Glands Holocrine Glands Release entire cell during secretion Sebaceous glands

Connective Tissue General Characteristics Bind Support Protect Store Fat Serve as frameworks Produce blood cells Protect against infection

Connective Tissue Major Cell Types Fibroblast Builds fibers Macrophage Does Phagocytosis

Connective Tissue Mast Release heparin and histamine

Connective Tissue Major Fiber Types Collagenous Made of collagen Strong to hold parts together

Connective Tissue Elastic Made of elastin Stretchy for flexability Reticular Fibers Form networks to support tissues

Connective Tissue Loose Connective Tissue “God’s Superglue” Binds skin to underlying tissue Holds muscles together

Connective Tissue Adipose Tissue Specialized Loose CT Designed to store fat Located under skin, joints, pads kidneys Insulation and protection

Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue Collagen fibers Very Strong Found in tendons and ligaments

Connective Tissue Cartilage Rigid and provides framework Lacks a direct blood supply so heals poorly Chondrocytes

Connective Tissue Cartilage Three types Hyaline Most common Found at ends of bones Respiratory tract

Connective Tissue Elastic Cartilage Elastic fibers Outer ear Larynx

Connective Tissue Fibrocartilage Shock absorber Meniscus of knee Intervertebral disks

Connective Tissue Bone Most rigid Osteocytes in lacunae Concentric circles - osteons Osteonic Canals Good blood supply

Connective Tissue Blood Erythrocyte - RBC Leukocytes - WBC Platelets - fragments Plasma

Muscle Tissue Three Types Skeletal Attached to skeletal bones Voluntary Multinucleated Striated

Muscle Tissue Smooth Lacks Striations Involuntary Found in hollow organs

Muscle Tissue Cardiac Striated Self-exciting Involuntary Only in the heart

Nervous Tissue Found in the Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves Carries Impulses Neurons

Nervous Tissue Neuroglial Cells Connective tissue of nervous system Do not conduct impulses