Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Using qualitative and quantitative stakeholder knowledge and data: Examples from European deepwater fisheries Pascal Lorance & Verena Trenkel, Ifremer, France Sveinn Agnarsson, University of Iceland Dimitrios Damalas, HCMR, Greece Ivone Figueiredo, IPIMAR, Portugal

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Context  Deepwater fisheries: - Data poor - Stocks can only sustain low exploitation rates - Fishery management recent in most areas (EU waters: TACs & access regime from 2003) - Concerns about fisheries sustainability at stock and ecosystem levels - Forthcoming revision of the Common Fisheries Policy and EU access regulation for deep-water fisheries

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Stakeholder knowledge and data  Stakeholder meetings - Identify deep-water fisheries stakeholders - SWOT (Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats) of management regimes - Cognitive maps of the fisheries situation and issues  Questionnaires on economy and management  Haul by haul data Improve stock assessments Identify management issues and suitable management measures

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Direction of links positive negative unknown Car sales Air quality Car prices Environmental policy Strength of links 1: low 2: medium 3: strong Time frame a: within 1 yr b: 2-5 yrs c: more than 5 yrs 3a +/- 2b 3c 1c Cognitive map: example

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Cognitive maps of management measures and fisheries systems  7 maps drawn during a workshop FisheryStakeholder typeParticipants Red seabream - AzoresCatching sector1 Black scabbardfish - MadeiraAdministration1 Black scabbardfish - Pt mainlandCatching sector4 Black scabbardfish - Pt mainlandNGOs3 Greenland halibut- NAFOCatching sector2 GenericFishery consultant1 GenericScience3

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Same measures for all Administration Madeira Black scabbardfish Madeira - Administration

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Greenland Halibut NAFO

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Socio-economy Black scabbardfish Madeira - local factors - Greenland halibut NAFO - global factors -

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Issues and solutions derived from cognitive maps Levers: variables influencing positively or negatively fisheries that can be modified by management FisheryPossible levers Red sea bream AzoresSpatial closure Gear selectivity Longline black scabbardfish MadeiraBetter knowledge of life cycle Temporal closure Regulate sequential fishing Distance of fishing ground Regional management Longline black scabbardfish PortugalBycatch Subsidies (reduce) Spatial closure Fleet size Trawling Greenland halibut NAFOCrew availability Imports (reduce)

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Questionnaire Web-based ( Distributed during one RAC meeting and at regional level 9 questions + free text 22 responses from 3 deep-water fisheries Q3: How do you see the future of deep-sea fisheries? Do they hold a better future, worse, or more or less the same as now? Better (will attract more investors) (3/22) Worse (not viable) (8/22) More or less the same (viable) (10/22) Stakeholders’ perception: - Not viable fishery for red seabream in Greece - Two other fisheries perceived viable

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 All dissatisfied Q4: Which of the following management tools would you like to see changed? Current management not satisfying TACs, spatio-temporal closures and licensing most cited Diversity of responses

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Q5: Which of the following management tools are best suited to protect the deep-water ecosystem? Five management tools favoured TACs understood as stock management tools, not ecosystem-based

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Improving stock assessment  Deep-water fisheries generally data-poor  Lack of abundance indices  Data for age structured assessment model missing, unreliable or inappropriate  Stock assessment mostly exploratory (at least in the ICES context) STAKEHOLDER DEPENDENT INFORMATION (tallybooks)

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 EU-LogbookTallybook 3-4 hauls aggregated No depth information and fishing at different depths ICES rectangle (some encompass m) Each haul Depth data Position Study fishery Deep-water trawling in ICES Vb, VI and VII Standardised LPUE indices from tallybooks provided by the French fishing industry

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Standardised LPUE indices Roundnose grenadierBlack scabbardfishBlue ling GAM Model: LPUE = vessel + depth + rectangle + month + year:area effect Lorance, P., Pawlowski, L., Trenkel, V. M. (2010). Standardizing blue ling landings per unit effort from industry aul-by-haul data using generalized additive models. (ICES Journal of Marine Science) doi: /icesjms/fsq048

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Conclusions Qualitative information and opinions - Cognitive maps: Perception of the system - Questionnaire: Stakeholder preferred management options Quantitative data - haul by haul data Improved abundance indices Perspectives Qualitative information and opinions - Cognitive maps/questionnaires: propose appropriate management strategy at fishery/regional level CFP reform & access regulation revision Quantitative data - Record haul-by-haul data including depth for some fisheries Adapt electronic logbook

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Acknowledgements  Thanks to stakeholders contributing to workshops and responding to the questionnaire  Work carried out under the EU funded project DEEPFISHMAN grant agreement

Fishery Dependent Information (FDI) conference, Galway, August 2010 Analysing the maps Grouping the variables chosen by stakeholders into categories Numbers of variables: 9 to 22 Number of categories: 4 to 8 Number of connections: 18 to 41 Calculation of Density of connections: 0.08 to 0.25 Average strength: medium to high Average time frame: medium to long-term Stock and management measures had strong impact on fisheries, ecosystem, stakeholders and fishery had lowest impact