application of science to law
Pathology Fingerprints Toxicology Entomology Anthropology Botany Odontology
Serology DNA electrophoresis Document examination Impression evidence Toolmarks Tire prints Shoe prints Computer analysis Arson
Profiling Environmental forensics Wildlife forensics Firearms/Ballistics Trace Evidence Hair Fibers Soil glass Engineering
Photography Polygraphs Audio specialists/Voiceprints Video analysis Psychiatry Competence State of mind profiling
private Police coroner/medical examiner state university Secret Service FBI ATF
1. Drugs 2. DNA
Judge determines who is an expert: A) Has the expert’s scientific method been tested? B) Has the expert’s method been the subject of peer review and testing C) What is the actual or potential rate of error? D) do other scientists generally accept the expert’s methods?
morning sickness drug caused birth defects plantiffs had many experts court ruled against the experts saying the methods were not generally accepted within the profession
Allowed to offer an opinion during testimony 1923 Frye Standard (general acceptance) 1993 Daubert Standard
When two objects come into contact, material is exchanged.