Studies which Can Be Used Sputum Analysis  Gram Stain  Fungal Smear  AFB Smear  Antibody Probes (DFA) Culture Antibody Testing.

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Presentation transcript:

Studies which Can Be Used Sputum Analysis  Gram Stain  Fungal Smear  AFB Smear  Antibody Probes (DFA) Culture Antibody Testing

Gram Stain Bacteria differ in morphologic characteristics which are useful for to categorize them:  Shape - cocci vs. rods  Gram stain - positive or negative

Gram Stain Determine the adequacy of the specimen for culture Make a presumptive etiologic diagnosis and early clinical decisions Suggest a need for non-routine laboratory procedure Help make accurate interpretation of culture results Provide a better insight into the nature of the current infection

Gram Stain

Spit

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Staphylococcus aureus

Hemophilus influenza

Moraxella catarrhalis

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) Smear Modified staining technique using either Ziehl-Nielsen or Kinyoun stain Strong Acid Fast Staining - Mycobacteria Weak Acid Fast Staining - Nocardia, Legionella

Tuberculosis

Methenamine Silver Stain

Other Probes Antigen Testing - Legionella urinary Antibody Testing  Cold agglutinin  Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella  Direct Flouresence Antibody  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)