HOMONYM One of a group of words that share the same spelling and pronunciation but have different meanings Homograph = same spelling, different meaning Homophone = same sound, different meaning
HYBRID WORD etymologically derived from two or more languages
INFLECTION The change in the form of a word to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case Many other languages have a more extensive system of inflection. Vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, viven Examples Cat, cats Girl, girl’s, girls’ Walk, walked, walking Big, bigger, biggest
INFORMAL LANGUAGE casual, familiar, and generally colloquial
INFUSION The introduction of a new element or quality into something
JARGON specific words associated with a profession Example: AP, AD: Assistant Principal, Athletic Director AWOL: Away Without Leave
LINGUISTICS The study of language and its structure Includes: Morphology Syntax Phonetics Semantics
LOAN WORDS adopted by speakers of one language from a different language Example Faux pas Schadenfreude
METATHESIS The transposition of two letters or sounds in a word. Examples: Bridd (OE) → bird (ME) Forst (OE) → frost (E) Naefre (OE) → never (E) Hwar → where Hwider → whither Hwil → while
MODIFY Make minor changes
ONOMATOPOEIA A word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound Spelling differs according the linguistic system they are found in as well as regional variations in the sounds Ribbit vs. croak.
PHILOLOGY Literally “lover of learning” Today, the study of language in written historical texts
PREFIX Affix added to the front of the word
ROMANCE LANGUAGE Languages that originate from Latin Examples: French Spanish Italian
ROOT/BASE WORD Primary lexical unit of a word (root), and of a word family (base) Cannot be reduced into smaller meaningful parts
SEMANTICS The way words are arranged in a sentence Example: Yesterday, I went to the store. I went to the store yesterday.
SLANG The use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard Slang vs. Jargon Jargon is technical vocabulary of a profession Slang is particular to a region or subculture; is also used to refer to taboo
SUFFIX Affix added to the end of a word Example: -ly: friend > friendly -ology: bio + ology = biology
SYNONYM Has a similar meaning to the word
WORD COMPONENT Individual parts of a larger word Example Roots Affixes