What are nerve cells called? What are the main parts of a nerve cell (neuron) IN ORDER? TRUE OR FALSE: the axon terminals of one neuron touch the dendrites of the next neuron when transmitting a message/signal What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

How many hemispheres are there in the brain? What is the “little brain” really called? What is the bundle of fibers called that connects the 2 hemispheres?

 1. What does it mean for something to be “innate”?  2. Does evolution play a role in behavior?

 Learning Intention: Outline the 3 principles of the Biological Level of Analysis (LoA)  Success Criteria: Students will demonstrate mastery of 3 principles and supporting research on upcoming evidence

 WHAT IS THE NATURE VS. NURTURE DEBATE?  Nature: human behavior is the result of biological factors  Nurture: human behavior is the result of environmental factors

 1. ?  2. ?  3. ?  ….Look them up in your book! You tell ME!  (pages 38 & 39)

 1. Behavior can be innate because it is genetically based  2. Animal research can provide insight into human behavior.  3. There are biological correlates of behavior

 PRINCIPLE #1  Behavior can be innate because it is genetically based

 TWIN STUDIES  Why study twins?  What are Monozygotic twins?  Dizygotic twins?  Diathesis-Stress Model  Genetic predisposition (diathesis) to develop a disorder that MAY OR MAY NOT be brought out by the environment (stress)

 Twins separated at birth hemS_0&feature=related

 PRINCIPLE #2  Animal research can provide insight into human behavior.

 Why study animals?  What do we use them to study?  What ethical problems can we face by studying animals?  For more info, visit… eriments_1.shtml

 Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products  Many experiments cause pain to the animals or reduce the quality of life in other ways  What is ablation?  What is lesioning?  What do these two methods tell us?

PRO-ANIMAL TESTING  Experimenting on animals is acceptable if (and only if):  Suffering is minimized in all experiments  Human benefits are gained which could not be obtained by using other methods ANTI-ANIMAL TESTING  Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable because:  It causes suffering to animals  The benefits to human beings are not proven  Any benefits to human beings that animal testing does not provide could be produced in other ways

 PRINCIPLE #3  There are biological correlates of behavior

 Implies that it should be possible to find a link between a specific biological factor (ex: hormone or neurotransmitter) and a specific behavior  THIS IS THE AIM OF RESEARCHERS IN THIS LOA  EX: Acetylcholine  Too much: Parkinson’s  Not enough: Alzheimer’s

Principle #3  Is lack of sleep making me fat? v=uxezLHDECUo Examples of neurotransmitters & hormones that are in charge of really important things: Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Growth Hormone Leptin Ghrelin