Networking A Number of Computers which are interconnected allowing the sharing of data and peripherals.

Local Area Networks -Computers in close proximity -Shared resources – files and printers. - One LAN can connect to other networks, LANS or the Internet.

Wide Area Networks -Spans a large geographic area -Often connect many smaller networks

The Internet A global network of computers where many LANs and WANS are interconnected.

Development of Networks – 1960s -Telephone was the main communication network -Computers were mainframes linked to remote terminals – very expensive Computers were therefore not common

1970s -ARPAnet linked Universities so that they could share materials -Other similar networks were also created.

1980s -LANs in offices became more common as prices came down. - sharing files, peripherals, e- mail

1990s -ARPAnet became the internet - All networks could communicate using the Internet -Access to the internet was made public -HTML developed – laid the format for web pages.

billion users worldwide

Country USA185m211m China100m137m Japan78m86m Germany41m50m India36m40m UK33m37m

Questions 1.What percentage of people in the UK have access to the internet? % have access in the USA but only 0.2% in parts of Africa. What are the reasons for this? Only 1000 people have internet access in Liberia.

Now Broadband replacing dial up. All desktop computers come with an NIC as standard. Wireless technology allows home users to share without cables 1.Peripherals 2.Data 3.Broadband Connection

Telecommunications and Computing Can now send and access the internet on their mobile Global communication network that can be accessed at any point in the world Falling cost of technology Shared access to equipment Geographic spread of organisations Demand for up to date information

Client / Server Networks

Server features -Faster Processor -Increased RAM -Increased Backing Storage -Stores programs -Stores data files

Client / Server Networks Client features -Requires user name and password to log in -When a user loads a file it will be sent from the server to the client machine. -After editing it is saved to your user area the file is sent back to the server. -Client has to access the server for files and access to resources (printers, databases and the internet)

Benefits of Networks 1.Security - Programs can’t be tampered with due to restricted access 2. Communication - data files, programs and peripheral devices can be shared. - /chat/bulletin boards 3. Management - files backed up centrally - stations can be managed remotely.

World Wide Web -Internet is made up of servers dotted around the world -An individual server will provide unique information of it’s own and point at info on other servers The internet isHardware The www is software

Standard Systems -A standard system of displaying information using protocols that could be used by any computer. -To access information on the www you need a browser. Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator

Accessing the Internet To access the Internet appropriate hardware, software and an Internet Service Provider (ISP) are usually required. Hardware – computer & modem Software – Communications software such as Explorer or Outlook ISP – A company that manages your connection to the Internet e.g. AOL or Wanadoo

The Internet Server Info Server Info Server Info Server Info Server Info Server Info Server Info Server Info

Internet Made up of server computers across the world They provide unique information of their own They also point at information on other servers These servers point at more servers They may point back to the original server

Web Pages Contain Text, Images and multi media files. Coded in HTML Can be done in a text editor or a specialist package eg. Dreamweaver

How a web address is made up Page is to be retrieved using hypertext transfer protocol Name of the Web Server that has the page The Directory where the page can be found on the server The Name of the web page. Often end in html or htm

addresses out side the US. jp.uk.nl.it.ca.es Japan United Kingdom The Netherlands Italy Canada Spain

tle.e-renfrew.sch.uk

Hyperlink Allow any page on the web to connect to another Text: Normally in blue and underlined When clicked the browser loads the URL of the web page. Can be a link to a page on the same on the same website or anywhere else on the internet

Hyperlink Images : pointer turns into a hand with a pointing finger when placed on a image that is a hyper link.

Hyperlink Browser has forward and back buttons Can store favourites It is possible to surf the web by typing a URL into the address bar, clicking on a hyperlink or using the browser to view favourites or previous pages.

Search Engines Dogpile Yahoo google Ask Ask jeeves kids msn Aol Wanadoo Lycos

Search Engines Howstuffworks.com

exchange of computer stored messages by telecommunication Usually encoded in ASCII text graphics and sound files an be attached

Web Based Users can access their from any computer with an internet connection. User logs onto an server with a username and password An address is the location of the server where the address is found.

addresses User nameDomain name

Sending a Message Can include -a subject -attachments Some servers require you to click a send receive button to access e- mails. Web base systems – new mail is made available automatically as soon as you log on.

Features Reply - Forward - Address Book - Best time to add something is when you have received an from them Mailing Lists - Distribution Lists - Folders -

Computer Misuse Act Introduced Hacking & illicit copying of software 2.Intentional destruction of software 3.Circulation of infected materials.

Copyright Designs and Patents Act -up/down loading of info through on- line technologies not authorised by the owner - Outlaws making transmitting or owning an electronic copy of copyright material

Data Protection Act Information about individuals in both paper and electronic formats - Individuals have the following rights - view data on them -Correct inaccurate data -Prevent junk mail

Data Protection Act Data controller must -ensure data is accurate, up to date and relevant -Provide access to the data -Change incorrect data - store data securely

Reminders -What does GPRS stand for? -Find out about web chat

URL Universal Resource Locator -Describes where a web page is stored 3 Main components 1.HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Method of transferring the web page to the users computer 2.The particular server where the web page is stored. -System hosting the web pages -Unique address relating to the organization that owns it. 3. Pathname – filename on the server. States that it is formatted using html.

Web Browser The user can download websites and navigate between sites and individual files.

Impact of Mobile Phone Technology -Access the internet using WAP Wireless Application Protocol How it Works -A Microbrowser is stored on the mobile phone. -Specially enabled web pages to be used on the mobile phone screen. -Pages downloaded use a restricted version of HTML – WML Wireless Markup Language

Refresher Internet =International Network of Computers The internet provides both WWW and URL addresses only use / (forward slashes) User ID provider

Refresher Web Browser =Software allowing you to view web pages Hyperlink = Word or graphic that can be clicked to jump to another page