Organizational Arrangements (Body) CHAPTER 10 Organizational Arrangements (Body)

Informative Types of Arrangement Topical/Categorical Chronological/Sequential Spatial/Geographical Causal (Cause-Effect) Compare & Contrast

Creating the Body Body  Introduction Conclusion

Imagine Arrangement Frames Each of your three main ideas must be of the same organizational pattern. Each main idea has sub-points which do not have to follow the same pattern as the main ideas as long as they match each other.

Creating the Body

Creating the Body Central Idea

Creating the Body Central Idea Main Point

Creating the Body Central Idea Main Point Main Point Support Support

Devising Main Points Limit the number of main points (2-3, maybe 4) Restrict each main point to one idea (1 point=1 idea) Customize points for each audience Use effective Supporting Materials

Arrangement The strategic process of organizing speech points into a coherent and convincing pattern for your topic and your audience. Outlining is the physical process of plotting those speech points on the page in hierarchical order of importance. Your outline will give you a visual snapshot of your speech organization and serve you better than writing a manuscript or essay.

Topical Pattern of Arrangement Each main point is a subtopic or category of the speech topic. Some speech writers term this categorical design. Usually main ideas can go in any order in a topical pattern; however, careful consideration of the order may help your audience understand your speech more easily.

Chronological Pattern of Arrangement Follows a natural sequential order: For example, most people eat breakfast, lunch, then dinner. Historical topics or supporting materials should also follow a chronological pattern from most to least past events, then current events, and then predictions for the future. Medically speaking, you are born, you live, and then you die. Follow the steps in a process in sequential order.

Spatial Pattern of Arrangement Describes or explains the physical arrangement of a place, a scene, or an object in order of relationship to the other elements contained wherein. Pretend you are giving your audience a tour of the Eiffel Tower – do you begin the tour at the top or at the bottom of the Tower?

Causal Pattern of Arrangement (Cause-Effect) Typically a causal pattern contains only two main points: first, the cause, and second, the effect. However, you can have multiple causes for a single effect, or a single cause with multiple effects. A few topics allow the speaker to reverse the pattern and list the effect followed by the cause. For example: In May 2007, the city of Greensburg, Kansas was completely destroyed by a F-5 Tornado.

Comparison & Contrast Works well with two items subject to comparable qualities. Can be difficult if comparison expands to three or more items Example: What is the position candidate A has on the issue of healthcare reform? What is the position candidate B has on healthcare reform?

Transitions Transitions are what link your ideas and bridge them together. Many TV shows use similar tactics to keep the audience tuned in. Signposting: 1st, 2nd, 3rd; next, lastly, in addition. Internal Summary: summarizes a main point before… Internal Preview: leads to the next point