Colonization of Africa Noah Amy Miki

History -Europe and Africa-

The Age of Discovery (15C-17C) -Portugal -Spain -Holland -France -Britain

The Age of Discovery (15C- 17C) Bartlomeu Dias (P) Cape of good hope (1488) Vasco da gama (P) India (1498) Christophorus Columbus (S) San Salvador (1492)

The Triangular Trade (The Slave Trade) Guns, Liquor, glass beads… Slaves Goods

Latter half of 18C… The Industrial Revolution -Establishment of modern Capitalism The Enlightenment -Movements against slavery Africa The land of slaves The land of markets, resources

The age of Imperialism (19C) The Scramble for Africa in 1880s -Division race by European powers Berlin Conference in countries participation -Basic principles for the division -Adjustment of vested interests -Accelerated the race

2 Theories for Justification For Africans; -Who are regarded as uncivilized, savage, lack of ability of self- development For the world; -By developing resources in Africa

After the mess… (1913)

France *French West Africa: Mauritania Senegal French Sudan (now Mali) French Guinea (now Guinea) Côte d'Ivoire Niger French Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) French Dahomey (now Benin) * French Equatorial Africa: Gabon Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo) Oubangi-Chari (now the Central African Republic) Chad French Algeria (now Algeria) Tunisia French Morocco French Somaliland (now Djibouti) Madagascar Comoros

Britain Egypt Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (now Sudan) British Somaliland (now part of Somalia) The Gambia Sierra Leone Nigeria Cameroons (now parts of Cameroon and Nigeria) British Gold Coast (now Ghana) Nyasaland (now Malawi) Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania) Bechuanaland (now Botswana) Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) *British East Africa: Kenya Uganda Protectorate (now Uganda) Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania) *British South Africa (now South Africa): Transvaal (now part of South Africa) Cape Colony (now part of South Africa) Colony of Natal (now part of South Africa) Orange Free State (now part of South Africa)

Germany German Kamerun (now Cameroon and part of Nigeria) German East Africa (now part of Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi) German South-West Africa (now Namibia) German Togoland (now Togo and eastern part of Ghana) Italy Italian North Africa (now Libya) Eritrea Italian Somaliland (now part of Somalia)

Portugal Portuguese West Africa (now Angola) Mainland Angola Portuguese Congo (now Cabinda Province of Angola) Portuguese East Africa (now Mozambique) Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea- Bissau) Cape Verde Islands São Tomé e Príncipe São Tomé Island Príncipe Island Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá (now Ouidah, in Benin) Spain Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) Río de Oro Saguia el-Hamra Spanish Morocco Tarfaya Strip Ifni Spanish Guinea (now Equatorial Guinea) Fernando Po Río Muni Annobon

Belgium Congo Free State and Belgian Congo (today's Democratic Republic of the Congo) Ruanda-Urundi (comprising modern Rwanda and Burundi, between 1916 and 1960)

Independent states *Liberia founded by the American Colonization Society of the United States in 1821; declared independence in 1847 *Ethiopia (Abyssinia) had its borders re-drawn with Italian Eritrea and French Somaliland (modern Djibouti), briefly occupied by Italy from 1936–1941 during the Abyssinia Crisis *Sudan independent under Mahdi rule between

Different Ways of Reign Britain, - Indirect rules ex) Reduce white executives and incorporate African heads France and Portugal - Assimilation rules ex) Combine them with French culture

Thank you! ありがとう！ 감사합니다！