All you will need is a pen/pencil. Final Review: Part 3

Note sheet  Each person will be given a note sheet that they may use on the final.  The note sheet that I give you will be half a page and you may use one side of it.  If you choose to not make a note sheet you must still turn in the sheet with your quiz.  The sheet itself will be worth a few points on the quiz.  Each student will only receive 1 note sheet. There will be no extras.

SEMESTER 2, UNIT 5 Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Equation  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon Dioxide Light Oxygen WaterGlucose

Step 1: Light Energy is Absorbed  Using special kinds of molecules, plants are able to absorb some light energy.  These special molecules (chlorophyll) are stored in chloroplasts.

Step 2: Light Energy breaks Water  That light energy is used to remove the hydrogen atoms in water molecules.

Step 2: Light Energy breaks Water  That light energy is used to remove the hydrogen atoms in water molecules.  The leftover oxygen atoms bond together and leave the plant.

Step 3: Glucose is Formed  To form glucose the leaf absorbs CO 2.  The CO2 is absorbed through pores on the leaf.  This CO2 will then diffuse into the plant leaf cells.

Step 3: Glucose is Formed  The CO2 is absorbed through pores on the leaf.  This CO2 will then diffuse into the plant leaf cells.  The plant then reforms CO2 and Hydrogen atoms into a glucose molecule.

Uses for Glucose Glucose Broken down for immediate energy Turn into starch for storage of energy or other complex carbs for structural support Turned into amino acids in order to make proteins Turned into lipids for structural support and storage of energy

LIGHT ENERGY CHEMICAL ENERGY Glucose Carbon dioxide PPP PPP ATP PhotosynthesisCellular respiration Light energy Energy stored in glucose Energy stored in ATP PhotosynthesisCellular respiration Trace how the energy is transformed

SEMESTER 2, UNIT 6 Nervous System

Organization of the Nervous System Nervous System Central NS Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral NS Sensory Division Motor Division Autonomic NS Somatic NS

Pathway of Information through NS Brain and spinal cord to be analyzed Sensory division Motor division Sensory receptors Muscles and organs Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System

The Neuron  The basic component of both the Central and Peripheral NS is the neuron cell.  The important parts of all neuron cells are: Dendrites Cell Body Axon Axon Terminal

The Neuron  Dendrites- Receive the signals from sensor cells or other neurons.  Cell Body- Contain all of the essential organelles.  Axon- The long extension that conducts the neural signal.  Axon Terminal- Releases a signal to activate the next neuron or effector.

Information Pathway through the Neuron Dendrites Cell body Axon Axon branches Direction of electrical signal Dendrite Cell body Axon

The parts involved with the transferring of the signal between neurons are…

2 Kinds of Neurotransmitters  Excitatory (Glutamate and Dopamine)- Are NTs that when bound to a receptor cause an increase in postsynaptic activity.  Inhibitory (GABA and Adenosine)- Are NTs that when bound to a receptor cause a reduction in postsynaptic activity.

2 Specific Brain Centers  Sleep Center- This is where we talked about the effects of adenosine and caffeine on our ability to feel sleepy.  Limbic Center- This is where we talked about how dopamine and other drugs affected how you felt.

Addiction and Tolerance  If someone does certain activities that makes their brain operate at a higher or lower level then the brain will react in a way to make the brain return back to a normal level.  If the brain is running at too high of level it will change the number of NT receptors and NT molecules produced.  They will be changed in such a way that the activity of the brain is back to normal.