MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMS MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMS Stores minerals in bones (Calcium) Produces blood cells

 Provides framework to support the body’s muscles, fat, and skin.  Protects & support the organs. Ex. Ribs protect the heart and lungs.  Levers- Muscles attach to bones to help provide movement.  Stores minerals in bones (Calcium)  Produces blood cells FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

 The Structure of Bones  Bones are made up of tissue, bone marrow, and cartilage  Cartilage  Smooth rubbery substance that acts as a shock absorber between bones  Ligaments  connects bone to bone STRUCTURE OF BONES

 Joints  Joints – connections between bones  Types of Joints  Suture – forms a joint between two bones that do not move (ex. - skull)  Symphysis – two bones are held firmly together and act as one bone (ex. – symphysis pubis)  Synovial – movable joints in the body (ex. – ball and socket and hinge joints) apps.uwhealth.org/.../images/en/19903.jpgJOINTS

ANATOMY OF THE SKELETON Axial Skeleton (Main trunk)- includes the skull, spinal column, and chest Appendicular Skeleton (Extremities)- shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones. Joints

BONES OF THE SKULL  Major bones of the skull include:  Frontal  Parietal  Occipital  Temporal  Sphenoid  Ethmoid

BONES OF THE CHEST  Ribs (12 pair)  Sternum Xyphoid process  Clavicle  Scapula

BONES OF THE SPINAL COLUMN  Cervical vertebra (1-7)  Thoracic vertebra (1-12)  Lumbar vertebra (1-5)  Sacrum  Coccyx

BONES OF THE UPPER BODY  Humerus  Radius  Ulna  Carpals  Metacarpals  Phalanges

BONES OF THE PELVIS  Ilium  Ischium  Pubis

BONES OF THE LOWER BODY  Femur  Patella  Tibia  Fibula  Tarsals  Metatarsals  Phalanges

 Greenstick  Greenstick – bone partially broken, breaks on one side and bends on the other, more common in children  Closed – bone broken, but no break in skin  Open  Open (Compound) – bone fragment protruded through the skin  Stress  Stress – small crack in bone that develops from chronic, excessive impact FRACTURES OF BONE

MUSCULAR SYSTEM  Over 600 muscles make up the muscular system.  Muscles are bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissues.

FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCLES  Attaches to bone to provide voluntary movement  Provides heat and energy for the body  Helps maintain posture  Protects internal organs

 Excitability- irritability, responses to stimulus such as nerve impulses  Contractibility- muscle fibers stimulated by nerves become short and thick causing movement  Extensibility- ability to be stretched  Elasticity- allows muscle to return to original shape after contraction CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES

TYPES OF MUSCLES

MOVEMENT OF MUSCLES  Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons. As muscles contract, the bone is moved.  Muscle tone is achieved constant partial contraction.  Movements Adduction Abduction Flexion Extension  5:34-8:36

ANATOMY OF THE MUSCLES  Using your textbook (p. 127 and 128), draw a line to the muscles, properly label, and identify the function of the following muscles: 1) Sternocleidomastoid 2) Trapezius 3) Deltoid 4) Biceps 5) Triceps 6) Pectoralis major 7) Intercostals 8) Rectus abdominis 9) Latissimus dorsi 10) Gluteus maximus 11) Sartorius 12) Quadriceps femoris 13) Tibialis anterior 14) Gastrocnemius

COMMON MUSCLE INJURIES  Sprain  Injury to a joint (ex. - ankle, knee, wrist). Frequently involves a stretched or torn ligament.  Ligaments attach bone to bone  Strain  Injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon. Usually associated with overuse injuries.  Tendons attach muscle to bone

PROPER LIFTING TECHNIQUE  Protect your muscles especially your back when lifting or moving  R6se131Bc&feature=related R6se131Bc&feature=related

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES  Chiropractor  Orthopedic surgeon  Orthotics  Podiatrist  Physical Therapist  Occupational Therapist  Athletic Trainer