T-5.0 Topic 1 Processing Information Topic 2 Intersections, Curves, and Hills Topic 3 Passing Information Processing: Moderate Risk Environment WV Driver Education

T-5.1 DRIVER REQUIREMENTS VISIBILITY... SPACE... TIME... SPACE... TRACTION VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVING

T-5.2 Space Management System Components Search for objects or conditionsSearch for objects or conditions Evaluate the path ahead for alternate paths of travelEvaluate the path ahead for alternate paths of travel Prepare to make adjustments in speed and/or positionPrepare to make adjustments in speed and/or position Searching includes:Searching includes: –Where to search –When to search –How to search –What to search for

T-5.3 Visual Fields

T-5.4 Search Practices 4-8 seconds seconds

T-5.5 Communicating SignalsSignals –Turning –Backing –Hazard HeadlightsHeadlights Brake LightsBrake Lights HornHorn Hand SignalHand Signal Position of VehiclePosition of Vehicle Speed of VehicleSpeed of Vehicle Actions of DriverActions of Driver –Using Cell Phone –Distracted

T-5.6 Managing Visual Searches 20 to 30 Second Visual Search Area20 to 30 Second Visual Search Area –Search as far ahead as possible to identify potential conflicts Objects in Path and Areas of Limited VisibilityObjects in Path and Areas of Limited Visibility Limitations to Path of Travel and Line of SightLimitations to Path of Travel and Line of Sight 12 to 15 Second Visual Control Area12 to 15 Second Visual Control Area –Identify Objects or Conditions That Require a Response or Continuing Attention –Look for Closed or Changing Path of Travel

T-5.7 Managing Visual Searches 8 to 12 Second Response Area8 to 12 Second Response Area –Identify an Alternate Path of Travel and Safe Stopping Zone –Evaluate Open Zones to the Side and Rear 4 to 8 Second Directed Response Area4 to 8 Second Directed Response Area –Other than Detecting Color or Movement, the Brain Receives Definitive Information (Images) from the Eyes Only When the Eyes Fixate –The Eyes Fixate Only on That Which the Brain (through practice and experience) Directs Them To Fixate

T-5.8 Determining Following Intervals A two to three second following interval is intended to provide time to steer and is acceptable only in heavy traffic flows. It provides time to brake to a stop only if you are monitoring the actions of drivers 8 to 12 seconds ahead in your path of travel. In most instances, it necessitates steering to alternate escape path in an emergency.

T-5.9 Visual Search Categories HighwayHighway Traffic ControlsTraffic Controls Motor VehiclesMotor Vehicles Non-Motorized UsersNon-Motorized Users

T-5.10 Highway Conditions Highway Roadway Structure WIDTHCURBINGCURVESSLOPES SENSORY INPUT TO BRAIN Roadway Surfaces Atmosphere Intersections ILLUMINATIONGLAREPRECIPITATIONWIND/NOISE Roadway Features KINDROUGHNESSSLICKLEAVESSANDETC. SHOULDERS AFFIXED OBJECTS ADJACENT BUILDING

T-5.11 Traffic Controls

T-5.12 Motor Vehicles MOTOR VEHICLES SUBCOMPACT, COMPACT, INTERMEDIATE, FULL-SIZE, SPECIALTY SENSORY INPUT TO BRAIN Type Road-Handling Characteristics VAN, PICK-UPS, TRACTOR TRAILER, DOUBLE, TRIPLE TRAILERS, SCHOOL BUSES, SUV CAMPER, PICK-UP, MOTOR HOMES, MOTORCYCLES, FARM MACHINES, OFF-ROAD, SNOWMOBILES SUSPENSION, TIRES, BRAKING, ACCELERATION, LOAD, LOAD DISTRIBUTION, SPEED, TRACKING

T-5.13 Non Motorized Users NON-MOTORIZED USERS Pedestrians SENSORY INPUT TO BRAIN Bicycles NUMBERS, AGE, SEX, ABILITY, ALCOHOL, OTHER DRUGS, FATIGUE, EMOTIONS, FITNESS, ACTIVITY KIND AND SIZE NUMBERS AGE OF RIDER ACTIVITY RIDER ABILITY Animals KIND AND SIZE DOMESTICWILDHORSEDRAWNVEHICLES In-Line Skates, Skateboards

T-5.14 Controlling Space to the Front Timing Your ArrivalTiming Your Arrival Forward PlacementForward Placement Following IntervalFollowing Interval

T-5.15 Make Space with Lane Position 5 3 Straddle Lane Positions Within Lane Positions 4 2 1

T-5.16 Staggered Stops Stop behind the: Stop Bar Crosswalk Road Edge Position Vehicle Toward Right Side of Lane

T-5.17 Intersection Search Patterns CLOSED OPEN Intersection Approach Check open areas, then closed areas to front Check to the rear Communicate as necessary Check areas adjacent to path of travel Check sight lines left and right Adjust speed and/or position as appropriate OPEN OPEN

T-5.18 Lane Markings Shared Left Turn Lane Reversible Lanes

T-5.19 Line of Sight Through Curve Establish Line of Sight and Projected Path of TravelEstablish Line of Sight and Projected Path of Travel Check to the RearCheck to the Rear Adjust Position for Maximum View of Oncoming TrafficAdjust Position for Maximum View of Oncoming Traffic –Curve to Right –Curve to Left Establish Target Area for Path of TravelEstablish Target Area for Path of Travel Adjust Speed and Position to ConditionsAdjust Speed and Position to Conditions

T-5.20 Line of Sight Through Curves

T-5.21 Line of Sight Through Curve

T-5.22 Line of Sight Over Hill Sightline Limitations Similar to CurveSightline Limitations Similar to Curve Adjustments are Speed Reduction and Position to the Right or Outside of LaneAdjustments are Speed Reduction and Position to the Right or Outside of Lane Restriction to Sightline is Up or DownRestriction to Sightline is Up or Down

T-5.23 Determining Passing Time/Space Needs 40 mph = 60 feet 1-2 second return to lane mph 3 lengths of car per sec may take 8 to 10 sec to pass another car 2-3 seconds start pass 40 mph = 120 ft

T-5.24 Passing Needs Constant: 1 mph = or 1.5 feet per second (fps) Time to pass = distance traveled to complete pass, divided by difference in distance traveled per second by each vehicle, 30 mph = 45 fps 40 mph = 60 fps 60 ft-45 ft = 15 ft 2 sec. Following Distance = 120 ft. 1 car length= 15 ft. 1 sec. Lead= 60 ft. Total additional distance traveled = 195 ft. Time needed to pass: 195/15 = 13 sec. Total distance traveled: 13 sec. X 60 fps. = 780 ft

T-5.25 Passing Considerations Larger VehiclesLarger Vehicles –24 seconds to pass tractor trailer rig (90 feet) 50 mph, when 60 mph –2160 feet needed to complete 24 second pass Oncoming VehiclesOncoming Vehicles –Approaching vehicle travels mph –Total clear distance needed to pass becomes 4320 feet when approaching vehicles exist Daylight Headlight Use CriticalDaylight Headlight Use Critical

T-5.26 Passing Procedures Prepare to pass –Position yourself two to three seconds behind the vehicle you want to pass –Check mirrors and oncoming traffic –Check ahead for safe passing distance –Signal your intention

T-5.27 Passing Procedures Overtake the ongoing carOvertake the ongoing car –Signal your intention and accelerate into passing lane –Accelerate quickly to an appropriate speed –Concentrate on the path ahead –Check your mirror for following cars Return to laneReturn to lane –Check your rear-view mirror for the front of the car you are passing –Signal your intention –Change lanes and maintain speed –Cancel turn signal

T-5.28 WV Driver Education Driver Education Classroom and In-car Lab Information Processing: Moderate Risk Environment