Chapter 15 Solutions Standard #6

I.What’s a solution? A. Definition : A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state. B.Particles in a solution: 1. Are small2. Are evenly distribute3. And will not separate

Solution = solute solvent + The substance being dissolved (the smaller quantity) The substance doing the dissolving (the larger quantity solute solvent The whole mixture is a solution!

II.Types of Solutions A.Solid Solution alloys A mixture of metals, known as alloys Alloys are preferred over pure metals because: 1.They resist corrosion 2.They have higher melting points 3.They are stronger than pure metals

Need to know!! Karat MeasureGold vs. Alloy content 24 Karat 18 Karat 14 Karat 10 Karat 100 % pure gold 75% gold, 25 %copper 58%gold, 42% copper 42%gold, 58%copper

B.Gaseous Solution When both the solute and solvent are gases. Example: Air

C.Liquid Solution When liquids dissolve in other liquids The solvent is not water

D.Aqueous Solution When the solvent is water (aqua). The solute may be a solid, liquid or gas.

Gaseous  Aqueous  Liquid  Solid  Review

Water Video During the video…. Please write 10 or more complete sentences about what you are learning from the video.

Video clip Solubility 5 minutes

III.Concentration more A.Concentrated: When a solution has more solutes than solvent.

Dilute: When there is less solute for the amount of solvent used.

Measuring Concentration Molarity: Moles of Substance Liter Molality: Moles of Substance Kilogram

Calculations on Overhead…

Warm up 1.How much Sodium Chloride in grams should you useto prepare a 20.0 ml, 1.0 M Salt solution? M= mol liter (liter) M= mol 20.0 ml (.0200L) 1.0M= Concentration.020 mol (58.5g NaCl)= 1 mol.0200L 1.17 => 1.2 grams of NaCl (liter)

1.2 grams of NaCl 20.0 ml of water 1.0 M Salt solution

Now that we can make a solution with a certain concentration, let’s learn how to dilute it!

Solubility amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific volume of solvent under certain conditions. FACTORS THAT affect solubility: 1.TEMPERATURE 2.AGITATION 3.SURFACE AREA Which sugar would dissolve faster?

B.The effect of temperature on solubility As temperature goes up the solubility of gases goes down As temperature goes down the solubility of gases goes up Gas in a liquid: Think of carbonation in soda…. ColdHot

2.Solid/liquid in a liquid: think of sugar dissolving in tea (hot/iced) As temperature goes down the solubility of the solid goes down As temperature goes up the solubility of the solid goes up

C.The effects of Pressure on solubility 1.Not applicable for solids and liquids 2.Gases in a liquid As you increase pressure for a gas, the solubility goes up. As you decrease pressure for a gas, the solubility goes down.

Colligative Properties In chemistry, colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend upon the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution, and not on the type of chemical species present.

Vapor Pressure Reduction go to this website and read his explanation

Boiling Point elevation go to this site again

Freezing point depression ditto