Reminders Decolonization Assessment Periods 2, 4 = Tuesday June, 14 th Period 5 = Wednesday June, 15 th Unit Overview Due Wednesday June 15 th Last chance to retake assessments Last chance to turn in late work Last chance for Current Event Fixes

INDEPENDENCE IN INDIA Civil Disobedience is here

Today’s Goals 1. Become familiar with Mohandas Gandhi and his peaceful means of independence. 2. Practice Reading Primary Documents H.S. 2 Analyze the complexity and investigate causes and effects of significant events in world history. H.S. 3 Explain the historical development and impact of major world religions and philosophies.

British Colonial Map

Life Under Colonial Rule pg India was ruled first by British East India Company, then by the British Crown -Profit was the goal: Silk, Salt, Wheat, Spices -Discrimination -Disrespected Hindu culture -Direct Rule -Some improvements: roads, trains, schools, healthcare

The INC - INC = Indian National Congress -Group working for independence -Established in Not very effective because they are divided -British exploit differences between Muslim and Hindus -Muslims form their own group called the Muslim League -Languages vary -Various levels of education and violent tendencies -India is HUGE and has a HUGE population

WWI changes the Game - Great Britain weakened by the conflict and cannot maintain colonial grip - Indian soldiers needed to fight - Limited self government granted

Gandhi Trailer

Here Comes Gandhi Mohandas K. Gandhi becomes active in the INC - Gandhi’s Background -From an upper class Indian family -Goes to England to study law -Treated well and see a tolerant society -Lives in South Africa -Practices law there -Experiences segregation (Apartheid) and oppression by British -Becomes an advocate for Indians there -Develops and practices peaceful resistance plan -

Satyagraha - Method of peaceful protest marked by self- suffering - Means soul force - Combines Hindu, Christian, and secular ideas. - “Satyagraha… is a method of securing rights by personal suffering; it is the reverse of resistance by arms. When I refuse to da a thing that is repugnant to my conscience I use Satyagraha… If by using violence I force the Government to repeal a law, I am employing what may be termed as body-force. If I do not obey the law and accept the penalty for its breach, I use soul force. It involves a sacrifice of self.”

Gandhi returns to India - INC numbers grow under Gandhi’s leadership - Preached an end to Caste System and racial oppression - Drew both poor and rich - Stressed unity among Hindus and Muslims - Lead peaceful protests of government buildings Amritsar Massacre - British General orders troops to fire on unarmed protesters in Amritsar, India unarmed Indians killed, 1137 injured - Gandhi order INC not to respond with violence - When on trial, the guilty BR. General sides with the Indians

Gandhi’s Speech to the INC

The Doctrine of the Sword 1. Read “The Doctrine of the Sword” pg Complete Assignment 3. Discuss 3 Levels of Questions with partner

3 Levels of Questions Level 1 Facts. You can point to the answer in the passage. Example: Where does Martin live? Level 2 Inferences. Based on the selection, but “between the lines.” Example: Why didn’t Martin’s dad understand him? Level 3 Discussion topics suggested by the literary passage. Example: What are some other ways Martin could have handled his fears?

Warm-up # ? - Check out the pictures on page 79. What do Gandhi’s fashion changes say about his personality/priorities/ life?

The movement gains strength ’s and 30’s – The independence movement gains global support - Gandhi given the name Mahatma = Great Soul -Ascetic – simple, pure life -Seen as a Hindu holy man -Gains more fame when thrown in jail -Tolerates all religions -Lives with Untouchables

A Pinch of Salt makes a big difference – Great Salt March -British taxed salt – effected all Indians -Gandhi and 50,000 walked to the Indian Ocean and made their own -Against the law -Protesters arrested, but jails could not hold them all

Talk about Soul Force - British would not repeal the tax, so Gandhi orders a general work stoppage -Without Indian workers and soldiers, the country came to a halt -Gandhi arrested again - Gandhi imprisoned again, goes on a hunger strike -Gets global attention -British look terrible!!! - Gandhi encourages a boycott of all British goods -Made own clothes -Spinning wheel becomes his symbol -Wants all to move to communal farms

Great Salt March Clips

Victory!!! Gandhi is a global hero – Gandhi is invited to London for negotiations – some British reforms are made WWII begins -Gandhi encourages Indians to be pacifist and refuse to fight -Thrown in jail (again) -British too distracted by the war to maintain control – British leave India

Not What Gandhi had in Mind - INC and Muslim League leaders, who united against the British, divide along religious lines. - Western India and part of East India become Pakistan – “Land of the Pure” -Millions of Muslims fled to these areas -Hindus flee to the remaining Indian territory - Riots break out and there is no new government to stop them -Gandhi goes on a hunger strike to shame both groups into peace – a Hindu, angered that Gandhi was so accepting of Muslims in their land, shot and killed the “Great Soul” -India and Pakistan still have border disputes, especially over the territory of Kashmir.

Crash course: Peaceful Protest (if time)