Jez Capey UK National Policing Modern Slavery, Organised Immigration Crime and Migration related matters portfolio

Aim: 1.To provide a brief overview of modern slavery 1.Highlight some EU collaboration in tackling modern slavery

What is Modern Slavery? Force, coercion, deception Movement Exploitation Gain not people smuggling

Types of exploitation Sexual Labour (domestic servitude) Criminal Other: –Organ Harvesting –Baby farms

Lambeth, London – Domestic servitude case

Scale of the problem Globally slavery index - over 30 million people in slavery I.L.O. $150bn p.a. (labour exploitation alone) 2 nd most profitable illicit trade worldwide

The UK Picture Estimated 10,000-13,000 slaves in the UK “The Dark Figure” - likely to be much higher 2,340 potential victims referred into NRM in 2014 Sexual Exploitation costs the UK £890M per year

Facilitation of Illegal Immigration Trafficking in Human Beings Counterfeit goods Excise and MTIC Fraud Cybercrime European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats Synthetic Drugs Cocaine and Heroin Illicit Firearms Trafficking Organised Property Crime

THB Group membership national experts: 26 Participating Member States 11 Associate Partners Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Albania Australia Iceland Switzerland Serbia Norway Europol Eurojust Interpol Frontex – EU External Borders CEPOL - EU Police Training College

2016 Strategic goals 1.Proactively contribute to the operational and strategic intelligence picture 2.To detect and disrupt high value criminal targets 3.Improved financial investigation activity around THB criminality 4.Developing multidisciplinary responses 5.Joint activity emanating from key non-EU source countries or regions 6.Develop a victim centred approach

Europol Information sharing Jan-Sept 2015, 27 countries submitted 2,389 information submissions into Focal Point Phoenix. THB Type% of reports received Trend Sexual Exploitation82%4% Labour Exploitation8%2% Forced (Sham) Marriage7%1% Forced Begging2% Forced Criminality1%

Country of origin for victims of THB % of reports received Country of origin for suspects of THB % of reports received Romania35%Romania46% China22%Hungary10% Hungary11%Nigeria6% Bulgaria7%Bulgaria6% Slovakia5%Slovakia6% Bosnia Herzegovina4%China4% Czech Republic3%Bosnia Herzegovina3% Nigeria2%Czech Republic3% Angola1%Albania2% Thailand1%Poland2% Europol Information analysis

92% of the victims adults 8% were below 18 years of age Of the top 13 source countries for victims of trafficking identified, 7 are EU Member States 536 new cases of which 28 are high profile operations High numbers of cases relating to sexual exploitation, then labour exploitation and then other forms of THB The number of Eurojust facilitated coordination meetings doubled in 2015 from the previous year

Projects Supported by a number of MS from the EMPACT group, with ISEC funding: ETUTU - Targeted at the sexual exploitation of female victims trafficked from Nigeria into the EU. –The project continues to make successful headway particularly in developing the relationship with NAPTIP (Nigerian national agency for the prohibition of THB -) and other partners. Tackling Chinese OCGs engaged in modern slavery across the EU Cyber Crime Asset recovery Intelligence

Joint Action Days EU wide co-ordinated Joint Action Days (JADs) have been mandated as a key deliverable for each of the 9 agreed high priority threats (set ) by the EU Security Council (COSI) As a result JADs have been included as key deliverables in each of the threat Operational Action Plans (OAPs) Where possible kindred threats groups will work together to deliver joint action at agreed times

Defining Joint Action Days A JAD is when two or more member states engage in actions against a common aspect of crime They should: Deliver additional and collaborative effort against an agreed threat area/strategic goal Be intelligence led Consider use of a range of different approaches & skills Feed back National outcomes to the EU

2016 Action Days April –Nigerian sex trafficking June - Trafficking for Labour Exploitation August - Child exploitation October - Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation

Joint Investigation Teams (JITs) Coordinated via Eurojust 2 or more member states involved Experienced prosecutors from across EU MS EU guidance and template for applications Generally for Council of Europe threats, however not exclusively Funding available to assist investigations

What is the value of JITs Coordinates meetings between member states Assist in legislative difficulties between MS Arrange translators Coordinate EAWs Coordinate obtaining of evidence, victim management, live-links, bad character evidence etc

Op Svanetia, UK-Slovakian JIT

Operation Birkhill, UK-HU JIT

Operation Peltier, UK-Hungary JIT

Operation Peltier, UK-HU JIT CPS London Chief Crown Prosecutor Baljit Ubhey OBE, said: "This sophisticated and commercial scale operation is one of the largest ever prosecuted by CPS London. It involved the trafficking of at least 250 sex workers from Hungary for the purposes of sexual exploitation to be controlled in prostitution and 50 brothel addresses in both London and Peterborough. Central to this successful prosecution was strong joint working between CPS London, the Met police and Hungarian authorities, foundations for which were put in place more than two years ago by setting up a Joint Investigation Team. This enabled us to build the strongest possible case to put before the court, leading seven of those involved to plead guilty owing to the weight of evidence against them.”