AEROBIC RESPIRATION Glycolysis
GLYCOLYSIS First set of reactions involved in extracting energy from glucose Occurs in the cytoplasm Nearly all organisms from all branches of life undergo glycolysis in a nearly identical manner Does not require oxygen
GLYCOLYSIS
GLYCOLYSIS OVERVIEW Net rxn: Glucose + 2ADP + 2P i + 2NAD + 2 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH NAD + /NADH : nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Energy carrier: carries 2 high energy electrons to the ETC The 2 pyruvate still carriers 75% of the energy in the glucose
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 1 A phosphate group is added to glucose from ATP Reaction type: Phosphorylation Kinase: an enzyme that phosphorylates something
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 2 Rearrangement of atoms to change glucose into fructose Reaction type: Isomerization Mutase/Isomerase: an enzyme that rearranges bonds in a molecule
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 3 Rearrangement of atoms to change glucose into fructose Reaction type: Isomerization Mutase/Isomerase: an enzyme that rearranges bonds in a molecule
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 4 Another phosphate is added Reaction type: Phosphorylation
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 5 Fructose is broken into 2 molecules One of which is isomerized into the other Reaction type: Lysis Aldolase: enzyme that creates an aldehyde/alcohol compound
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 6 A second phosphate group is added and 2e - and 2p + are removed The 2e - and 1p + are added to NAD + to make NADH Reaction type: Redox Dehydrogenase/oxidase: enzyme involved in a redox reaction
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 7 Phosphate group removed and added to ADP Reaction type: Substrate-level phosphorylation A reaction in which ATP is generated by the direct transfer of a phosphate goup from the substrate to ADP
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 8 Phosphate group moved Reaction type: Isomerization
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 9 Redox reaction in which water is removed Reaction type: Redox
GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 10 Removing the last phosphate and adding it to ADP Reaction type: Substrate-level phosphorylation
GLYCOLYSIS