The First Presidents The Federalists Era Chapter 9 Mr. Coladonato George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson

5. National Debt- The total amount of money the gov’t owes others. 4.Judiciary Act Washington appointed 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices 3.Cabinet- advisors to the president 2.Precedent- an act that sets an example 1. Inauguration- a ceremony in which the president officially takes office

I.Washington’s Inauguration a.With no one to imitate, he set many PRECEDENTS for others to follow. 1.Created the first cabinet 2.Set up court system w/ 1 chief justice and 5 associate 3. Follow a foreign policy based on Neutrality 4. Limited a president’s term of office to 2 terms 9-1 Washington Takes Office

- a certificate that promises to repay the money loaned plus interest. - someone who invests in a risky venture - created to deposit money collected from taxes - taxes on foreign goods to protect American goods - was the result of Hamilton taxing whiskey Bond Speculator Bank of the United States Protective Tariffs Whiskey Rebellion

Reducing the National Debt (amount of money owed to others) How was G. Washington going to lower the debt?debt

Bonds Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury Person A Gives gov’t $ , Gov’t promises $ in 10Years Gov’t Borrows that money Use money to Construct parks, building, build roads = Gov’t makes a profit from taxes Gov’t promises to pay back investors who bought bonds

** Bankers like this plan, so did Hamilton and Adams Jefferson, Burr and Madison hated it.

Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton’s Plan 1. Sell Bonds lower the national Debt 2. Hamilton’s Compromise: South Pay back debt and Capital will move from Philadelphia D.C. 3.Hamilton created the Bank of the United States: a.Gov’t deposits taxes it collected b. Made loans to citizens to encourage growth of new businesses Capital went from NY to Philly to D.C.

 On foreign goods  North liked it  South hated it. Why?  They bought foreign goods from overseas and now with the tariffs products cost more. People buy less Farmers make less money and get stuck with whiskey Result= The Whiskey Rebellion

6. Washington reacts by showing force and sending troops to control the rebellion

9-2 Staying Neutral 1.French Revolution – 7/14/ 1789 A.People wanted Constitution & Rights B.Amer. 1 st supported Fr. Rev. C.Opinion began to divide

9-2 Creating a Foreign Policy Responses to the French Revolution JeffersonHamilton Pro FrenchPro British and against Fr. Rev.

2. Washington avoids war A. European nobles feared Revolutions would spread to Br., Austria, Prussia, Neth., Sp., Just like in France

United States and Neutrality Foreign Policy: NEUTRAL- choose to support no one Neutrality Proclamation United States proclaimed NEUTRALITY Am. Merchants wanted to trade w/ both Eng. And Fr. Br. & Fr. wanted no trade with the enemy.

Struggling to Remain Neutral Washington sent John Jay to Negotiate and avoid war. This is known as Jay’s Treaty. American businesses continued Trading with Britain and France. Britain attacked 250 American Ships trading with the French. Americans wanted war.

Washington knew America was still too weak to fight war

Jay’s Treaty

Farewell Address Steer clear of permanent alliances- do not become involved in European affairs 2.Do not get involved in political parties- these will threaten the UNITY of this young country

1789- No Political Parties Two Parties Disagreements between Jefferson and Hamilton Political Parties

9-3 Political Parties Emerge Federalists Alexander Hamilton- admired Britain Wealthy and well educated should lead nation Strong Central Government Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, & trade LOOSE interpretation of Constitution Pro British Favored National Bank Favored Protective tariff Democratic-Republicans Thomas Jefferson- admired France Common people should have power Favored strong STATE government Emphasized agriculture Favored STRICT interpretation of Constitution Pro French Against National Bank Against Protective Tariff

Election of 1796 Aaron Burr (V.P.)Thomas Pickney (V.P.) Thomas Jefferson (Pres.)John Adams (Pres.) FederalistsDemocratic- Republicans The election was UNEXPECTED

John Adams: Federalist was President T. Jefferson: Democratic – Republican was Vice President Why? Good Question!Why

John Adams described the vice presidency as a position for the loser of the election The constitution at the time said the person with the most electoral votes wins The person with the 2 nd most becomes vice president. Their was much DISLIKE in the White House

John Adams (P) F Conflict with France Alien and Sedition Acts French Seize U.S. Ships, since they were angry about Jay’s Treaty with the English Alien- Law allowing to remove any immigrants thought to be dangerous to U.S. Sedition- Law that allowed citizens to be imprisoned if they criticized the gov’t. Federalists Loved these laws D-Republicans Hated these laws. Why??? What was their Argument? T. Jefferson (V.P.) D-R

Democratic – Republicans argued that these laws VIOLATE THE FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS AND THREATENED AMERICAN LIBERTIES

What are the last 3 letters of the alphabet?alphabet? What are the last 3 letters of the alphabet?alphabet?

You’re right!!! XYZ Affair The U.S. sent representatives to France to negotiate with 3 French Agents named XYZ. However, Fr. Prime Minister Talleyrand wanted $ 250,000 before negotiations and a 10 Million dollar loan before any discussions took place. Needless to say the Am. refused giving Fr. any money through a bribe. Americans were angry and wanted war Adams was able to avoid war. France kept attacking Am. Ships because they felt JAY”S Treaty favored Britain.

Election of 1800: The End of the Federalist Era Dem- RepFederalists Jefferson (73 electoral votes) Adams 65 Burr (73 electoral vote) Pickney 64 The House of Representatives had to break the tie.

Federalists = Republicans Democratic-Republicans = Democrats