Dynamic Population Pyramid, Canada,

“A Very Short One” Jeanne Louise Calment died in 1997 at the age of 122. An interviewer asked her in 1995 what sort of future she expects. “A very short one,” she replied.

Japan 2050:91 Japan 2002:81 Canada 2050:85 China 2002:71 USA 2002:77 Canada 2002:79 India 2002:63 Russia 2002:65 Canada 1867:42 Europe 1600:35 Zambia 2002:37 Life Expectancy, Selected Countries and Years

Number of People with HIV/AIDS, 31 December 2002 (adult prevalence in parentheses) Total: 42 million Western Europe 570,000 (0.3%) North Africa & Middle East 550,000 (0.3%) Sub-Saharan Africa 29.4 million (8.8%) Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1.2 million (0.6%) South & South-East Asia 6 million (0.6%) Australia & New Zealand 15,000 (0.1%) North America 980,000 (0.6%) Caribbean 440,000 (2.4%) Latin America 1.5 million (0.6%) East Asia & Pacific 1.2 million (0.1%)

Three Sociological Lessons of Shallow Hal ► the human body is not just a biological entity but a social fact because we employ cultural standards to evaluate people’s bodies ► much discrimination takes place against people whose bodies do not conform to cultural ideals ► people with disabilities are in fact perfectly normal

Selected Social Causes and Consequences of Height in Human Populations Height Proximate social causes diet disease work intensity Basic social causes income inequality public health personal hygiene quality of environment Social consequences life expectancy health cognitive development personality

Peter Paul Rubens Cimone and Efigenia (1617)

Percent of Adults Who Were Obese, Selected Countries, Note: Obese adults have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (BMI = weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters). Percent

Height, Weight and Social Status On average: ► high family income results in good diet; good diet increases stature ► tall people live longer, earn more, and reach the top of their profession more quickly than short people ► overweight women complete fewer months of formal education, earn less, and are less likely to marry than women who are not overweight (overweight men are less likely to marry)

Important Terms ► impaired = deficient in physical or mental capacity compared to the norms of society ► disabled = incapable of performing within the range of "normal" human activity ► ablism = prejudice and discrimination against the disabled

Societal Responses to Disability ► Rehabilitation involves curing disabilities through medical and technological intervention; trying to improve the lives of the disabled by means of care, training, and education; and integrating the disabled into "normal" society. ► Elimination involves killing the disabled or sterilizing them and preventing them from having offspring. ► Normalization involves disabled people asserting their autonomy and the "dignity of difference."