View the following slides and answer “Part 1: Engaging Focus” questions in your student handout. Engaging Focus: Federalist Era vs. Jacksonian Era

Washington and his Cabinet

Political Discussion in the 1830s

Washington’s Inauguration

Outside the White House after Jackson’s Inauguration

The Age of Jackson The Issues that Challenged “Old Hickory”

The Candidates Andrew Jackson- DemocratAndrew Jackson- Democrat John Quincy Adams- WhigJohn Quincy Adams- Whig Henry Clay- WhigHenry Clay- Whig William Crawford- DemocratWilliam Crawford- Democrat Jackson won the popular vote, but no candidate won the electoral vote.

The vote goes to the House of Representatives who pick from the top three- Jackson, Adams, and Crawford. Clay uses his position as Speaker of the House to persuade representatives to vote for Adams, who wins. Who will you vote for? Adams!

Adams appoints Clay Secretary of State. Jackson called the election a “Corrupt Bargain.” Why did he feel this was a “Corrupt Bargain”? Secretary of State Henry Clay

Woohoo! John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson faced each other again in Jackson wins by a landslide. “To the victor belong the spoils.”

Early in American history only males who owned property, or paid taxes, could vote. The easing of voting restrictions increased the number of men allowed to vote, helping Jackson to win the election of Jackson’s win was hailed as a victory for common people. Large numbers of Western farmers, as well as workers in the nations cities supported him. Their vote helped to end the idea that the government should be ruled by an educated elite. Now the common people would be governed by one of their own.

Jackson was known as the “people’s president”. He grew up on a frontier farm and joined the militia at 13 to fight in the Revolutionary War. In 1781 he was taken as a POW. After his mother secured his release she died, leaving Jackson an orphan at 14. After the war Jackson studied law and started a successful legal practice.

After the War of 1812 broke out, Jackson was appointed a general in the army. At the Battle of New Orleans, Jackson became a national hero, soundly defeating the British…even though his troops were greatly outnumbered. Here he earned the nickname “Old Hickory”. After winning the presidency, Jackson’s humble beginnings and rise above the hardships he faced, led American’s to see him as a real American success story…becoming the “people’s president”.

Spoils- “benefits gained by the winner”

After taking office, Jackson fires many Federalist officials. He gives their jobs to his loyal supporters. The Spoils System is giving political jobs to loyal supporters. OUT!!!

What is a positive aspect of the spoils system? What is a negative aspect of the spoils system?

The Kitchen Cabinet was Jackson’s unofficial advisors made up of the press, democratic leaders, loyal supporters and friends. They met informally in the White House kitchen to discuss politics and give Jackson advice.

They were known as a “rough” group.

What is a positive aspect of the Kitchen Cabinet? What is a negative aspect of the Kitchen Cabinet?

The Bank of the U.S. was created by Federalist Alexander Hamilton. The Bank’s purpose was to regulate economic policies.

Jackson thought the Bank was too powerful. He thought Bank president Nicholas Biddle and Bank administrators used the Bank for their own profit.

Jackson vowed, “I will kill it!” He vetoed the Bank when its charter was up for renewal. The Bank cut back on loans which hurt farmers in the West.

Tariff Bill of 1828

Jackson passed the Tariff Bill of 1828 which was the highest import tax ever. This was a “protective tariff” because it was designed to protect U.S. industry by increasing tariffs on goods from Europe.

This tax hurt Southern planters because they depended on trade with Europe. The high tariff meant Southerners still sold their cotton to Europe, but paid more for European imports.

Vice President John C. Calhoun was from South Carolina and, like most Southerners, believed in the idea of “states’ rights”. They called it the “Tariff of Abominations”. An abomination is something hated.

States Rights is the right of states to limit the power of the federal government. South Carolina passed the Nullification Act and declared the tariff illegal. Nullify means cancel.

South Carolina threatened to secede if the tariff was not lifted. If you were Jackson, what would you do? Secede means withdraw.

Henry Clay designed a compromise that lowered the tariff but gave the president more power to use force if a state threatened to secede.

In a desire to attract more white settlers, Georgia began moving Indians west. Jackson believed he did not have the power as president to interfere with Georgia’s rights and stop the removal.

Cherokee’s v. Georgia Cherokees sued to keep their land The Supreme Court upheld their right to stay Jackson and Van Buren ignored the Supreme Court

Worcester v. Georgia Georgia said any white man living among Native Americans without license from the governor would be arrested. Missionary Samuel Worcester was arrested and sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court agreed that he could not be arrested, as the Cherokee Nation gave him permission and Georgia’s laws were unconstitutional.

Jackson pushed the “Indian Removal Act” through Congress which gave the president power to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi.

Many Native Americans, mostly Cherokee, were forced to move. Besides losing their homeland, many Native Americans died along the way.

This forced removal and journey west became know as the “Trail of Tears”. Some groups, such as the Seminoles of Florida, resisted.

Led by Chief Osceola, The Seminole Indians of Florida resisted removal by fighting the U.S. government in what became known as the Seminole Wars. However, the Seminoles were eventually removed.

How do you think Andrew Jackson handled the issues of his presidency? What do you think of this common man raised in a log cabin in Tennessee?

Political cartoons use symbols and words to convey their message. Political cartoons may be entertaining, but their main purpose is to challenge the reader to think. Analyze the following political cartoons:

The cartoonist thinks Jackson rules like a ________. What words and symbols are used to convey the cartoonist’s point of view? What is on the paper he is holding? What is the cartoonist trying to point out with this symbol? The cartoonist has a positive view of Jackson. True or false? He is standing on the Constitution and Bank charter.

This cartoon is about Jackson’s use of the spoils system. What clues might tell us this?

What Jackson issue is this cartoon a commentary on? According to the cartoonist, what events might occur if Jackson continues leading the nation? “Despotism”- a despot is someone who rules with complete and total power.