By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez and Ms. Susan M. Pojer Grace Christian Academy of MD

Shinto Polytheism Ancestor Worship Hyper- Nationalism The World of the kami Minimize sin & guilt Great Creator

Torii Gate, Miyajima Island

Torii Gate in Winter

Amaterasu : Sun Goddess aThe Yamamoto clan claimed the emperor was a direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu-one of the main forces of nature in the Shinto religion

Union of Izanami & Izanagi- their daughter was Amateratsu they also believed to have created the islands that make up Japan Wedded Rocks at Futami no Ura

Yamamoto Period: “Great Kings” era Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture: a the Yamamoto clan-the 1 st and only dynasty to rule Japan a some Confucianism.-but rejected civil service exams-positions given to nobles a Language (kanji characters). a Buddhism practiced alongside Shintoism. a Chinese art & architecture. a Government structure. Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture: a the Yamamoto clan-the 1 st and only dynasty to rule Japan a some Confucianism.-but rejected civil service exams-positions given to nobles a Language (kanji characters). a Buddhism practiced alongside Shintoism. a Chinese art & architecture. a Government structure.

The current emperor Akihito is a descendant of the 1 st Yamamoto emperor (1989-present)

Heian Period: Characteristics: a Growth of large landed estates.  The Fujiwara family controlled power and protected the emperor  The Fujiwara family controlled power and protected the emperor  Fujiwara family the true political power of Japan a Great novel  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]   Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.  Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.  Japan became more isolated Characteristics: a Growth of large landed estates.  The Fujiwara family controlled power and protected the emperor  The Fujiwara family controlled power and protected the emperor  Fujiwara family the true political power of Japan a Great novel  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]   Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.  Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.  Japan became more isolated

Heian Court Dress

Tale of Genji ( first novel in Japanese language)

Lady Murasaki Shikibu She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana (phonetically sounded), while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.

Feudal Society The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!

Japanese Feudalism Japan A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan Shogun- chief general Daimyo Samurai Peasant Land - Shoen Protection Loyalty Food The samurai warriors provided police and military protection

Code of Bushido-the way of the samurai *Honor *Courage *Loyalty *Simplicity *Honor *Courage *Loyalty *Simplicity Cwmh-5Q

Seppuku: Ritual Suicide Kaishaku – his “seconds” It is honorable to die in this way if a Samurai fails his master It is honorable to die in this way if a Samurai fails his master 5xKq2vPUew

Full Samurai Attire

Samurai Sword-the Katana

Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

Samurai Charging

Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”

European knight Samurai Warrior vs. Medieval Warriors

Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor vs. Medieval Warriors

Zen Buddhism a A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China. a It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

Japanese Culture under the Tokugawa Shogunate A unique fusion of Buddhist Chinese and Shinto Japanese culture

Kabuki Theater aAn interior of a Kabuki theater. outube.com/w atch?v=mi3q wjF1XZI

Bunraku Puppets

Chanoyu : Tea Ceremony

Tea Ceremony Equipment aGreen Tea

Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper Folding

Origami : Modern Adaptations

Haiku : 17-syllable poem aMatsuo Basho, Master of Haiku Spring departs. Birds cry Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.

Ikebana : The Art of Japanese Flower Arranging  Tallest  Heaven e Middle  Man e Smallest  Earth

Bonzai : A Unique Method of Meditation

Japanese Garden for Meditation

Japan Changes Direction During the Meiji Era: aCommodore Matthew Perry

1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry “Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade!

What Did the U. S. Want??  Coaling stations.  More trading partners.  A haven for ship-wrecked sailors.

The Treaty of Kanagawa First trade treaty between Japan and the USA- considered an unequal treaty for Japan

The Shi-shi (“Men of High Purpose”)  Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the arrival of Westerners was an attack on the traditional values of Japan.  They believed that:  Japan was sacred ground.  The emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a god.  Westerners were “barbarians”  Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West without the Emperor’s consent.  Their slogan  Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians!

The Meiji Restoration  A powerful group of samurai overthrow the Shogun.  Sakamoto Ryoma, the hero.  He helped Japan emerge from feudalism into a unified modern state.

The Emperor “Restored” to Power aMEIJI  “Enlightened Rule”

Modernization by “Selective Borrowing”  Popular board game.  Start by leaving Japan & studying in various Western capitals.  End by returning to Japan and becoming a prominent government official.

European Goods  Europe began to “loom large” in the thinking of many Japanese.  New slogan: Japanese Spirit; Western Technology!  Rapid Industrialization took place  Railways, factories and steamships

The Japanese Became Obsessed with Western Styles aCivilization and Enlightenment!

Everything Western Was Fashionable!

The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dress aEmperor Meiji Empress Haruko ( )

Abolition of Social Order under Meiji aEmperor Meiji ( ) a*forbidden for the daimyo (noble lords) and samurai: 1.Could not carry katana swords 2.No more government stipend $ 3.Could not wear their hair in topknot 4.Most Samurai kept out of the new Japanese national army aResult: Samurai became impoverished Some samurai rose in rebellion but were crushed by modern Japanese army w/ modern industrial weaponry by 1878

Japan a Player in China

Competition from Another “Pacific” Power on the Horizon

But, Japanese Power Would Grow...

DOMO ARIGATO! DOMO ARIGATO! (thank you very much!)