Individualism vs. Collectivism

Individualism and Collectivism  Definitions Individualist culture is a culture in which the goals of the individual take precedence over the goals of the group.Individualist culture is a culture in which the goals of the individual take precedence over the goals of the group. Collectivist culture is a culture in which the goals of the group take precedence over the goals of the individual.Collectivist culture is a culture in which the goals of the group take precedence over the goals of the individual.

Individualism and Collectivism  The distinction lies in what extent to which cultures promote individual values over collective values.  There is a correlation… Individualist cultures tend to be economically rich.Individualist cultures tend to be economically rich. Collectivist cultures tend to be economically poor.Collectivist cultures tend to be economically poor.  … but there are exceptions.

Individualism and Collectivism  Also applies on a personal level. That is, one can personally be collectivist while his or her culture is individualist.That is, one can personally be collectivist while his or her culture is individualist.  Cooperation versus competition

Individualism and Collectivism  In other words… In an individualist culture, members are responsible for themselves and, perhaps, their immediate families.In an individualist culture, members are responsible for themselves and, perhaps, their immediate families. In a collectivist culture, members are responsible for the group as a whole.In a collectivist culture, members are responsible for the group as a whole.

Individualism and Collectivism  In other words… In an individualist culture, success is measured by how far one stands out from the crowd.In an individualist culture, success is measured by how far one stands out from the crowd.  EX: self-made millionaires, employees of the month, standing out… In a collectivist culture, success is measured by one’s contributions to the group as a whole.In a collectivist culture, success is measured by one’s contributions to the group as a whole.  EX: loyalty to company or country, specialized skills, fitting in…

Individualism and Collectivism  Cells function collectively to sustain the life of the organism.  Individual cells may die but the organism lives on as a result of their collective effort.

Individualism and Collectivism  Individuals in a collective society can be the equivalent of a cancer cell.  The survival of the individual cell is often at the expense of the organism as a whole.

Quick Write  Which society would you prefer to live in, Individualist or Collectivist?  Why?

Anthem By Ayn Rand ( )

Ayn Rand  She was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, on February 2,  She opposed the mysticism and collectivism of Russian culture.  She witnessed both the Kerensky and Bolshevik Revolutions during her teenage years in Russia.  The communist victory in Russia resulted in the confiscation of her father's pharmacy and periods of near-starvation for her family.

 When introduced to American history in her last year of high school, she immediately took America as her model of what a nation of free men could be.  In late 1925 she obtained permission to leave Soviet Russia for a visit to relatives in the United States.  Although she told Soviet authorities that her visit would be short, she was determined never to return to Russia, and she never did.

Key Facts  type of work · Novella  genre · Anti-Utopian (The world presented is the world as it should NOT be.)  time and place written · The United States, 1937  narrator · Equality writes the journal of the events as they transpire over the course of several months.  point of view · Equality speaks in the first person (plural) He will refer to himself as “we” instead of “I.”  tone · Equality records his thoughts and actions in a straightforward manner, with no trace of irony.  tense · Present, with some past-tense narration

Key Facts  setting (time) · Sometime in the distant future, after the collapse of the social order because of the common acceptance of collectivist values  setting (place) · An unidentified city; much of the first half of Anthem is narrated from a tunnel underground where Equality is hiding, and the second half is narrated from a forest.  protagonist · Equality  symbols · Light; the forest; manuscripts; etc...

Key Literary Terms Theme: The central or dominant idea behind the story; the most important aspect that emerges from how the book treats the subject The central or dominant idea behind the story; the most important aspect that emerges from how the book treats the subject Point of View: The position or vantage point from which the events of a story seem to come and are presented to the reader The position or vantage point from which the events of a story seem to come and are presented to the readerSetting: When and where the short story, play, or novel takes place When and where the short story, play, or novel takes placeNarrator: The one who tells the story The one who tells the storyMotif: A recurrent device, formula, or situation that often serves as a signal for the appearance of a character or event A recurrent device, formula, or situation that often serves as a signal for the appearance of a character or event

Questions to Consider while reading...  How is selflessness shown in the novella?  How is free will shown in the novella?