U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey WaterML Presentation to FGDC SWG Nate Booth January 30, 2013

Outline  Background  Description of WaterML2 Standard  Current efforts underway  Q&A

Motivations

Hydrology Domain Working Group  A joint working group of the OGC and WMO constituted as an OGC Domain Working Group.  Brings together interested parties to develop and promote the technology for greatly improving the way in which water information is described and shared.  Co-chaired by representatives nominated by the OGC TC and the World Meteorological Organisation’s (WMO) Commission for Hydrology (CHy).  Current Co-Chairs: Ilya Zaslavsky (SDSC), Ulrich Looser (GRDC) and David Lemon (CSIRO) (outgoing)  > 50 Participants, > 30 Organisations Courtesy: David Lemon, CSIRO

© 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 5 Expected Outcomes  An agreed feature model (ie. what are the features of the hydrosphere (from an information perspective) and how are they related.)  An agreed observation model.  Agreed vocabularies, endorsed by the community, and by WMO in particular.

Peter Taylor, presented by Peter Fitch 7 th November 2012 WMO Congress Geneva WATER FOR A HEALTH COUNTRY WaterML 2.0 Description for WMO Congress.

Objectives 1.Present the background – the problem statement 2.Describe the methodology 3.Technical overview of WaterML2.0 4.Implementation

Increasing need to exchange water information between organisations and users In that exchange, need to maintain un- ambiguous integrity of information With sufficient meta-data to support important and common use cases. Exchanging Water Information CSIRO. WaterML2.0 overview Changing Climate Growing Urban Demand Increasing need for food

A number of existing exchange formats existed in a number of countries None were formalised or designed for reusability Analysis of these formats identified the key conceptual similarities Existing exchange standards?

There were no active standards bodies working on hydrological data exchange The most relevant group identified was the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Formation of the joint WMO/OGC Hydrology Domain Working Group in 2009 created a forum for standards development Other relevant standards?

Requirements & constraints Initial scope:  Exchange of point-based time series data  Includes processed data such as forecasts, aggregations etc.  Include relevant information on monitoring points, procedures and context Working in an OGC – ISO – WMO context  Need to re-use existing work where possible  Be consistent  Assist in developing existing standards if they are not sufficient

No hydrology specific exchange standards, but common conceptual area include: Exchange of observational and sensor related data Spatial data Coverage data Relevant OGC standards?

Harmonization Scope Requirements Design Constraints Best practices Standards Development WaterML2.0 part 1 – time series

Groundwater Interoperability Experiment

Surface Water Interoperability Experiment

Reuse of common views on data ISO and OGC Continuous phenomena, varying in space and time – ‘raster’. A function: spatial, temporal or spatio-temporal domain to attribute range Features Features exist, have attributes and can be spatially described – ‘discrete’ or ‘vector’ Coverages Observations An act that results in the estimation of the value of a feature property, and involves application of a specified procedure, such as a sensor, instrument, algorithm or process chain ISO ISO ISO 19156

Observations & Measurements – the core Now ISO19156 – Observations & Measurements  Conceptual (UML) model The XML encoding is OGC O&M 2.0 XML (10-025r1) The most relevant standard within the OGC suite for WaterML2.0

WaterML 2.0 overview Profile of O&M, reusing ISO and OGC concepts, standards and practices WaterML2.0 consists of  UML model – Enterprise Architect (EA)  XML Schema (GML 3.2 compliant)  Specification document – Requirements – Conformance classes – Conformance tests  XML Schematron rules  Vocabulary definitions – Only a subset relating to time series

WaterML 2.0 overview Time series structures O&M Observation specializations - profile Definitions of Significant Features Monitoring points Collections of monitoring points – E.g. networks Observation procedures Generic collections

Observation (O&M) Feature Phenomenon Result Process Metadata Related Observations

Option 1: Collection of Observation elements Timeseries Observation Timeseries Option 2: Time series as a result Observation types supported

Coverage Observations Interleaved timeseries (TvP) Domain-range timeseries (TvP)

XML structure Interleaved Domain-range

Measurement timeseries - definition A Timeseries… Consists of many time- value (measure) pairs… With metadata and annotations.

Status & future work WaterML2.0 part 1 – time series is available as an official OGC standard Work has begun on defining a model for exchanging ratings, gaugings and cross sections Water quality specific encodings, some work planned for next year NetCDF mapping is in progress JSON, SWE Common encodings Controlled vocabularies

Thank you Pete Taylor Software Engineer ICT Centre t wwww.csiro.au/ict WATER FOR A HEALTHY COUNTRY Peter Fitch Research Program Leader Land and Water t wwww.csiro.au/clw

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Thank you Nate Booth USGS Center for Integrated Data Analytics (CIDA) Ph: