Evolution and Revolution in Scholarship Critical Choices in an Era of Open Brad Wheeler Vice President for IT, Dean, & Professor of Business Indiana University © 2008 Brad Wheeler, Indiana University, Creative Commons Attribution License 2.5

What a Mess… …WE have created

Into the Digital Ditch 1.Economies of scale and efficiencies in Digital require… Scale. 2.Individual institutional action alone could not create scale. 3.We tacitly outsourced scale creation to.com over 20+ years because collaboration is hard. 4.A seemingly good bargain went… predictably …very bad

Values Conflict

Winners & Losers ActivityWinnersLosers Scholarly Journals, Monographs Faculty, Publishers, Scholarly Discipline Associations Provosts, Librarians, Faculty TextbooksAuthors, Faculty, Publishers, Resellers Students, Provosts, Authors, Faculty Software (H.E. Unique) Monopolistic FirmsProvosts, Faculty, Staff, Students In the Digital Ditch

Why the Digital Ditch Persists

Porter’s 5 Forces Threat of Substitutes Threat of New Entrants Supplier Power Buyer Power Degree of Competitor Rivalry

5 Forces of the Ditch Low Real Threat of Substitutes No Threat of New Entrants Powerless Suppliers Powerless Buyers Modest/No Competitor Rivalry

Powerless in the Ditch Modest/No Competitor Rivalry Low Real Threat of Substitutes No Threat of New Entrants Powerless Suppliers Powerless Buyers $ $ $ $ $ Pubs-R-Us.Com $ $ $ Software.Com $ $ $ TextBook.Com

Paths Out of the Digital Ditch?

Out of the Digital Ditch Premises Not a money problem Coordination problem We’ve failed to protect our values We can self coordinate for our interests and our values…WITH [or Without] corporate partners

“We Can Make a Better Offer”

Out of the Digital Ditch Create Substitutes Enter with a new Platform Supplier Power Buyer Power Increase Competitor Rivalry Reward Content Producers Favor Our Platform & Values

Evolution from the Ditch $$ Invest And Adopt And Many Others…

Revolution from the Ditch Create Our “Big Digital Machine(s)” Recursive Vertical Integration

King for a Day…? Aggregate investment to create our Big- Digital-Machine(s).edu Develop sustainable subscription, metered, and open business models Make a better offer to faculty, scholarly societies, students to reflect our values/needs

Evolution and Revolution in Scholarship Critical Choices in an Era of Open Brad Wheeler Vice President for IT, Dean, & Professor of Business Indiana University © 2008 Brad Wheeler, Indiana University, Creative Commons Attribution License 2.5