CHAPTER 13 THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

CH A NEW VIEW OF THE WORLD p. 354 Main Idea: Europeans used earlier ideas to develop new ways of gaining knowledge about the world

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION THE SERIES OF EVENTS THAT LED TO THE BIRTH OF MODERN SCIENCE

discuss Where do you see the sun at 7:00 a.m? Where do you see the sun at 7:00 a.m? Where do you see the sun at noon? Where do you see the sun at noon? Where do you see the sun at 7:00 p.m? Where do you see the sun at 7:00 p.m? Does it appear that the sun “circles” the earth? Does it appear that the sun “circles” the earth?

13.1 Roots of the Revolution 1. Ancient Greeks/Romans 2. Muslim, Christian & Jewish scholars 3. Humanism 4. Alchemy 5. Exploration

1) ANCIENT GREEKS PTOLEMY - ANCIENT ASTRONOMER & MAPMAKER STRESSED THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVATION & LOGIC

2) MUSLIMS TRANSLATED ANCIENT GREEK WORKS – helped preserve the knowledge for the future

3)HUMANISM IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION STUDY OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS STUDY OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS WHAT PEOPLE CAN DO, NOT GOD WHAT PEOPLE CAN DO, NOT GOD

4) ALCHEMY Trying to turn metal into gold Showed the importance of experimentation

5) Exploration Better understanding of the earth’s size and shape What’s Missing from Ptolemy’s map Of the world?

THEORY AN EXPLANATION BASED ON FACTS THAT HAVE BEEN TESTED OR OBSERVED

SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE OBSERVATION OBSERVATION FACTS FACTS THEORIES THEORIES

WHAT WOULD A SCIENTIST DO IF HIS EXPERIMENTS SHOW THAT HIS THEORY IS INCORRECT?

HE WOULD DEVELOP A NEW THEORY

CH.13.2 DISCOVERIES & INVENTIONS p. 358

WHAT HAPPENED THAT CAUSED RENAISSANCE THINKERS TO DOUBT ANCIENT GREEK THOUGHT? Read p. 358 to find the answer

COLUMBUS DISCOVERED AMERICA AND REALIZED THAT THE ANCIENT MAPS WERE WRONG. EUROPEANS WERE STUNNED. EUROPEANS WERE STUNNED. WHAT HAPPENED THAT CAUSED RENAISSANCE THINKERS TO DOUBT ANCIENT GREEK THOUGHT?

EXPLORATION LED SCHOLARS TO CHALLENGE THE THOUGHTS OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS

COPERNICUS THEORIZED THAT THE PLANETS ORBITED THE SUN THEORIZED THAT THE PLANETS ORBITED THE SUN DIDN’T PUBLISH HIS BOOK BECAUSE HE WAS AFRAID OF RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION DIDN’T PUBLISH HIS BOOK BECAUSE HE WAS AFRAID OF RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION PUBLISHED IT THE YEAR HE DIED PUBLISHED IT THE YEAR HE DIED On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres

Copernicus’ theory Notice the Circular orbits

BRAHE DETAILED & ACCURATE RECORDINGS OF INFORMATION DETAILED & ACCURATE RECORDINGS OF INFORMATION OTHER SCIENTISTS COULD USE WHAT WAS ALREADY LEARNED OTHER SCIENTISTS COULD USE WHAT WAS ALREADY LEARNED

KEPLER PROVED THAT ALL THE PLANETS MOVED IN ELLIPTICAL ORBITS AROUND THE SUN PROVED THAT ALL THE PLANETS MOVED IN ELLIPTICAL ORBITS AROUND THE SUN

GALILEO THE “FATHER OF EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE” THE “FATHER OF EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE” THE 1 ST PERSON TO ROUTINELY USE EXPERIMENTS TO TEST THEORIES THE 1 ST PERSON TO ROUTINELY USE EXPERIMENTS TO TEST THEORIES Greatly improved the TELESCOPE Greatly improved the TELESCOPE HIS DISCOVERIES MADE MANY PEOPLE UPSET HIS DISCOVERIES MADE MANY PEOPLE UPSET

CH.13.3 SCIENCE & SOCIETY Science = the most effective way to learn about the natural world Science = the most effective way to learn about the natural world This use of “reason” could help improve society This use of “reason” could help improve society

BACON WANTED AN ORGANIZED PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE SO IT COULD CONTINUE TO ADVANCE OVER THE YEARS WANTED AN ORGANIZED PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE SO IT COULD CONTINUE TO ADVANCE OVER THE YEARS

DESCARTES ARGUED THAT KNOWLEDGE BEGINS WITH DOUBT ( not faith) ARGUED THAT KNOWLEDGE BEGINS WITH DOUBT ( not faith) (MUST BE PROVEN TRUE IF IT IS TO BE CALLED TRUE) (MUST BE PROVEN TRUE IF IT IS TO BE CALLED TRUE)

“I think; therefore I am.” Rene Descartes Rene Descartes “ It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well.” Rene Descartes Rene Descartes “The first precept was never to accept a thing as true until I knew it as such without a single doubt.” Rene Descartes Rene Descartes “The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest minds of past centuries.” Rene Descartes Rene Descartes FAMOUS DESCARTES QUOTES

SCIENTIFIC METHOD THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE USING OBSERVATION & EXPERIMENTATION THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE USING OBSERVATION & EXPERIMENTATION A HYPOTHESIS HAS NOT BEEN TESTED A HYPOTHESIS HAS NOT BEEN TESTED A THEORY HAS BEEN TESTED A THEORY HAS BEEN TESTED

SCIENCE & GOVERNMENT Use reason to solve society’s problems Use reason to solve society’s problems Laws govern human behavior Laws govern human behavior All humans must be equal = democracy All humans must be equal = democracy

Science vs. Religion Most of the scientists in Europe were Catholic Most of the scientists in Europe were Catholic Scientific findings often contradicted the Catholic Church Scientific findings often contradicted the Catholic Church This weakened the influence of the church This weakened the influence of the church