VACCINATIONS

Clarification and Definitions Vaccination: the administration of antigenic material to stimulate the immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Immunization: process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease. Vaccine: A product of weakened or killed microorganism (bacterium or virus) given for the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases. Toxoid : A modified bacterial toxin that has been made nontoxic but retains the capacity to stimulate the formation of antitoxin.

VACCINES ON SCHEDULE 1. Hep B : Hepatitis B( inactivated) 2. DTaP : Diphtheria & Tetanus toxoid and Pertussis vaccine (inactive) 3. DT & Td.: Diphtheria & Tetanus toxoid 4. Hib : Haemophilus influenzae b 5. IPV : Inactivated poliovirus vaccine 6. PCV7 : Pneumococcal vaccine 7. 23PS : Pneumococcal polysaccharide 8. MMR : Measles Mumps Rubella live vaccine 9. Varicella : Chicken pox live vaccine 10. Influenza : Inactivated vaccine 11. Hepatitis A : Inactivated vaccine

ACTIVE vs PASSIVE VACCINATION/ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION –Stimulates immune system to produce antibodies and cellular immune responses that protect against infectious agent. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION –Provides temporary protection through administration of introduced antibodies. –Also occurs naturally through transplacental transmission of antibodies to a fetus.

Positives Protection for SELF Protection for FAMILY Protection for COMMUNITY –Herd Immunity

Negatives Adverse reaction –extraneous effect caused by vaccine – "side effect" Adverse event – any event following a vaccine – may be true adverse reaction – may be only coincidental

Vaccine Adverse Reactions Local – pain, swelling, redness at site of injection – common with inactivated vaccines – usually mild and self-limited Systemic – fever, malaise, headache – nonspecific – may be unrelated to vaccine

Vaccine Adverse Events Moderate to severe 1. Febrile seizures 2. Transient thrombocytopenia 3. Encephalitis / Encephalopathy < 1 in million

Contra-indications 1. Anaphylaxis to prior vaccine 2. Anaphylactic neomycin or gelatin allergy 3. Pregnancy 4. Immunocompromised states

TAKE HOME MESSAGES Vaccines are safe Vaccines are very effective Educate yourself so that you do not propagate misconceptions Ask yourself “ Is the child more likely to die of the vaccine or the disease?” before you with hold any vaccines Threat from vaccine preventable diseases is real

Jimmy Kimmel Vaccine

Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements of medicine It has spared millions of people the effects of devastating disease