The Roman World One Thousands Years of Roman Civilization, 509 BCE – 568 CE
The Origins of “Rome”
Geography Po Valley Latins Etruscans Carthage Phoenicia
Myths Romulus and Remus Aeneas Battle down the proud Spread Roman culture Law Rape of Lucretia
The Monarchy Tyranny Imperium Fasces Senate Patricians Plebeians
The Roman Republic
Establishing the Republic Tarquin Liby Res publica Consuls Dictator
Struggle for Equal Rights Concilium Plebis Tribunes Plebiscites Veto Forum Twelve Tables Praetor Censor
Society & Religion Pater familias Numina Jupiter Janus Lares Penates
Conquest of Italy Etruscans – North Greeks – South
Expansion in Italy Capitoline Hill Maniples Latin League Pyrrhus
Conquered Peoples Romanitas Status Quo
The First Punic War Carthage 264 BCE
Hannibal 218 BCE 40,000 foot soldiers 9000 cavalry African elephants Skippy Africanus
Roman Intervention in the East Philip V Macedonia Seleucids Corinth, 146 BCE Carthage, 146 BCE
Conflict & Crisis in the Republic
Effects of Expansion Proletariat Proles Latifundia
Gracchi Reform Tiberius Tribal Assembly Land reform Assassinated (+300) Gaius Land reform Citizenship Suicide (+3000)
Civil War: Marius v. Sulla Anti-Roman sentiment Class war Assembly v. Senate
Civil War: Pompey v. J. Caesar Gaul (France) Rubicon “Veni, vidi, vici” Dictator Julian calendar 3/15/44 BCE “Etu, Brute”
Civil War: Antony v. Octavian Grandnephew and heir Marc Antony Cleopatra Battle of Actium
The Roman Empire
Augustus “The Revered” Imperator Princeps Princeps Paxis
Julio-Claudian and Favian Emperors Tiberius Claudius Caligula Nero Vespasian Titus Domitian
Five Good Emperors Hadrian Marcus Aurelius
Pax Romana Size of empire Secure borders Frontiers quiet Decentralization
Economic Prosperity Free trade No tariffs Latifundia Coloni
Economic Stagnation Overproduction Self-sufficient State subsidies Tax-farming
Social Life Vesuvius, 79 CE Augusta Agrippina Collegia Slaves Colosseum Circus Maximus
Judaism and Rome
Religious Life Sanhedrin Temple at Jerusalem Judas Maccabaeus Herod Pontius Pilate Messiahs
Religious Thought Sadducees Pharisees Essenes “Righteous Teacher” John the Baptist
Christianity and Rome
Jesus Bethlehem Herod’s reign (d. 4BCE) Preached Miracles New? Sanhedrin
Jerusalem, 70 CE Zealots Titus Temple Masada
Peter and Paul Spiritual successor Church in Rome Crucified 65 CE Saul Greco-Roman Pharisee Crucified 65 CE
Spread of Christianity Mystery cults Magna Mater Ahura-Mazda Mithras Virgin birth Sunday Dec. 25 Salvation Equality Everlasting life
Persecution Monotheistic No sacrifices No emperor worship Diocletian ( ) Death penalty
Church Organization Priests Presbyters (bishops) Dioceses Archbishop Provinces Patriarchates HUGE cities (Rome) Papa – father – Pope
Early Church Leaders Leo I Wielded both swords Huns Petrine Doctrine St. Augustine The City of God Predestination
Doctrine Arius (Trinity) Donatism (Grace) Traditores Council of Nicaea Heresy Trinity Incarnation
Doctrinal Leaders Jerome St. Ambrose St. Augustine
Regular Clergy Two types Saeculim Regula St. Basil St. Benedict Women
The Fall of Rome? What do we mean by “Fall”? What do we mean by “Rome”?
Western Roman Empire AD Visigoths 378 AD Vandals 406 AD Visigoths 410 AD Vandals 455 AD Romulus Augustustulus Odovacer (Hun) Zeno Theodoric (Goth) Justinian,
The Legacy of Rome
Law Twelve Tables Jus Civile Jurisprudence Jus Naturale
Engineering and Architecture Rei Publici Aquaducts Indoor plumbing Appian Way Hadrian’s Wall
History Livy Tacitus Germania Cassiodorus History of the Goths
Conclusion All things Greek Political theory Administration Jurisprudence Conformity Christianity
Any Questions?