Ch. 6-7 Review Ms. Stacks U.S. History

National Nominating Convention practice of selecting presidential candidates at a meeting of state delegates

Caucus System practice of selecting presidential candidates at a meeting of the party’s congressional members

Panic of 1837 The chaos and economic crisis that saw many farmers lose their land and banks fail

Indian Removal Act Andrew Jackson pushed this bill through Congress in 1830 which would provide money for relocating Native Americans – wanted to relocate them to the Great Plains or the “wasteland” according to John C. Calhoun to stop the conflicts

Trail of Tears Painting

Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) South Carolina threatened to secede (leave) the Union Made trading too expensive

In the early 1800s, many white men gained the right to vote because states lowered or eliminated property ownership as a voting qualification

Nullification declaring a federal law invalid

Spoils System practice of appointing people to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support

Secede to withdraw from the Union

David Walker published the pamphlet Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

William Lloyd Garrison founded the American Anti-Slavery Society

Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Seneca Falls Convention, which marked the beginning of an organized women’s movement Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Frederick Douglass African American abolitionist who was a brilliant thinker and electrifying speaker; published an antislavery newspaper

Emma Willard founded a girls’ boarding school in Vermont

Elizabeth Blackwell first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States

Force Bill use the military to enforce acts of Congress.

Worcester v. Georgia The Supreme Court ruled that state officials must honor Cherokee property rights.

The Whig party Advocated a stronger federal government.

Temperance Movement the temperance movement achieve a major victory in 1851 when Maine and Illinois prohibited liquor sales and distribution

Webster-Ashburton Treaty Disputes over the Maine-Canadian border established a firm boundary

The Second Bank of the United States played an important role in keeping the money supply of the United States stable

German immigrants arriving between 1815 and 1860 settled in Pennsylvania and Ohio

Large numbers of Irish immigrants began leaving their homeland in 1845 because they were fleeing famine in Ireland.

Romanticism Emphasized feeling over reason, inner spirituality over external rules; and nature over environments created by humans

Dorothea Dix Prison Reform Underlying the prison reform movement was a belief in rehabilitating prisoners rather than just locking them up

Gradualism wanted slaveholders to be compensated for their loss when slavery ended

Many residents in the South defended the institution of slavery because they believed it was the key to the economy in their region.

Abolitionist Leaders Frederick Douglass Theodore Weld Prudence Crandall Sojourner Truth William Lloyd Garrison Lucretia Mott Sarah and Angelina Grimke’ (Grimke’ sisters)

Manifest Destiny idea that God had given the continent to Americans, and wanted them to settle western land

After winning independence from Mexico, most Texans voted for annexation to the United States.

James K. Polk Supporters of James K. Polk cried “Fifty- four Forty or Fight,” which meant they wanted all of Oregon to the 54º 40’ north latitude line. In 1845 President Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico City as a special envoy, or representative. In order to carry out Polk’s ambitious plan for war against Mexico, the United States needed to expand its army

Mormons Seeking religious freedom, the Mormons traveled west, settling in what is now Utah

Preemption Act Allowed squatters to buy land from the government at a minimum price of $1.25 per acre Squatter: someone who is living on the land they do not own

The Alamo abandoned Spanish mission where a small force of Texans held off the Mexican army for 13 days before being overrun

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna captured in the Battle of San Jacinto Leader of Mexican government at time of Texas independence

Stephen Austin went to Mexico City to negotiate with the government The Mexican government imprisoned Stephen Austin for treason (offense of acting to overthrow one's government)

Sam Houston first president of the Republic of Texas

A: Mormon Trail B: Oregon Trail C: California Trail D: Sante Fe Trail

An uprising by the settlers in northern California resulted in victory for the settlers, who declared the region an independent republic

In 1834 the Mexican government secularized its missions, meaning that it transferred them from religious control to civil control

The Santa Fe Trail connected Santa Fe, New Mexico, with Independence, Missouri

Texas at time of Mexican Independence a sparsely populated buffer zone between the United States and Mexico

Gadsden Purchase In 1853, boundary disputes with Mexico still remained. President Franklin Pierce sent James Gadsden to settle the problem and to purchase land for a southern transcontinental railroad. Gave the U.S. parts of present day New Mexico and Arizona in exchange for $10 million