Bell Ringer 1.What are enzymes? 2.Which type of organic molecules are enzymes? (Hint: There are 4 major organic molecules) 3.What are the reactants of enzymes called? 4What term describes how an enzyme’s shape can be altered and prevents it from functioning?

Enzymes

What is Energy? Energy is the ability to cause matter to move or change. All life processes are driven by energy Where does all energy come from? The Sun

Chemical Reactions Occur when chemical bonds are broken and reformed to make different substances. ReactantsProducts Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O

What is needed to start a reaction? Energy absorbed Activation energy reactant Products Energy released

What are Enzymes? Enzymes are proteins They help build or break down substrates (reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions) during chemical reactions. Enzymes act as catalysts Catalysts speed up reactions.

Enzymes have a 3-D shape. Their substrate fits inside the active site (area where on enzyme where substrate attaches) like a key in a lock. One kind of enzyme is specific for one substrate or a small group of similar substrates. Enzyme Substrate

●Enzymes are not used up in a reaction. ●They can be used over and over again, if they are not denatured (shape of enzyme has changed)

Many enzymes end in the suffix ASE… Examples : Sucrase, Perioxidase Can you guess what these enzymes break down? Protease, Lipase, Lactase

Functions of Enzymes Regulating chemical pathways Synthesizing materials in cells Releasing energy Transferring energy Digestion Respiration Reproduction Vision Movement Thought Even making more enzymes

Step 1 Enzyme and Substrate are around each other. How Enzymes work!

Enzyme binds to Substrate at Active Site Step 2

CATALYSIS Process of changing a substrate Can be broken down or bind with another molecule to make something new Step

Enzyme releases substrate that is now a product Step 4

1) Temperature Proteins change shape when temperature changes This can help or hurt the reaction of the enzyme What affects enzyme activity?

Optimum temperature Reaction Rate Low High Temperature

What affects enzyme activity? 2) pH levels The acidity of the environment can change the shape of the proteins.

3) Inhibitors Stop or slow down enzyme activity. They bind to protein to change shape. REMEMBER: When shape of enzymes change they will not work the same. What affects enzyme activity?

Noncompetitive inhibitors: do not enter the active site bind to another part enzyme enzymechange its shape alters the active site Inhibitors that do not enter the active site, but bind to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change its shape, which in turn alters the active site. Enzyme active site altered Noncompetitive Inhibitor

Quick Review What binds the enzyme and substrate? Enzymes are specific? T/F What is formed after the enzyme reacts with the substrate? What three things affect enzymes?