LOGO Addressing the network IPv4 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT1.

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Presentation transcript:

LOGO Addressing the network IPv4 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT1

IP addressing – works at  OSI model layer 3  TCP/IP model Internet layer 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Application Transport Internet Network Access TCP, UDP IP Ethernet, WAN technologies HTTP, FTP, TFTP, SMTP etc Segment Packet Frame Bits Data stream 2

Addressing topics  Binary and decimal  Types of IP addresses  Assigning addresses  Network part and subnet masks  Calculating addresses  Ping and Traceroute Utilities 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT3

Binary and decimal  Convert to 8-bit binary  248  187  89  Convert to decimal    Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT4

248 to binary Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

187 to binary Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

89 to binary Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

to decimal Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

to decimal Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

to decimal Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

Binary and decimal  Convert to 8-bit binary     Convert to decimal    Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT11

IPv4 address Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT octet network parthost part Prefix /24 Subnet mask: 12

Find the network address Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT In a network address, all the host bits are The router needs to do this for every packet. 13

Logical AND Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Do a logical AND at each position

Find the broadcast address Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT In a broadcast address, all the host bits are The broadcast is the last address in the network. 15

3 types of address  Every network has: 1.Network address – the first one 2.Broadcast address – the last one 3.Host addresses – everything in between 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT16

Classful addressing 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT network parthost part A network parthost part B network parthost part C 17

Classful addressing  Easy to work out but very wasteful.  Routers and hosts still assume class subnet masks by default  Class A/  Class B/  Class C/ Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT18

Classless addressing  Any suitable prefix can be used  We (and devices) need to know what the prefix is.  More flexible, less wasteful. 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT19

Classless addressing /16  /16 mask  Broadcast address  Hosts to  host addresses (256 x 256)-2 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

Classless addressing /24  /24 mask  Broadcast address  Hosts to  254 host addresses 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

Classless addressing /22  /22 mask  Broadcast address  Hosts to  1022 host addresses 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

Classless addressing /26  /26 mask  Broadcast address  Hosts to  62 host addresses 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

Classless addressing /28  /28 mask  Broadcast address  Hosts to  14 host addresses 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

Calculating addresses  A host has IP address /24  What is the subnet mask?  What is the network address?  What is the broadcast address?  What is the range of host addresses in the network? 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT25

/24 – fill in the table Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT26

/24 Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT27

Calculating addresses  A host has IP address /26  What is the subnet mask?  What is the network address?  What is the broadcast address?  What is the range of host addresses in the network? 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT28

/26 fill in the table Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT29

/26 Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT30

Calculating addresses  A host has IP address /28  What is the subnet mask?  What is the network address?  What is the broadcast address?  What is the range of host addresses in the network? 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT31

/28 fill in the table Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT32

/28 Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT33

Internet Protocol Version 4  Classfull IPv4 classfull adalah IP yang sudah terbagi bagi menjadi beberapa kelas dengan masing-masing subnet mask dari tiap kelas sudah diset default. Subnetting tidak bisa dilakukan pada IP address classfull. Kelas IP Octet pertama Subnet Mask A B C D (multicast) E (reserved) Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT34

 Classless Pada Ipv4 classless,Subnetting dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan kebutuhan, sehingga Ipv4 classless ini lebih fleksible dan effisien. Namun ada beberapa alamat IP yang tidak bisa dijadikan alamat host. Kelas Range A B C Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT35 Internet Protocol Version 4

Latihan Soal  Kelas B : / 20 Jumlah subnet ? Jumlah host/subnet ? Block Subnet ? Tuliskan semua blok subnet (Subnet, Host Pertama, Host Terakhir, Broadcast)  Kelas B : /25  Kelas A : /16 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT36

TUGAS / PR  /28  /24  /12 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT37 Hitunglah : 1. Jumlah subnet ? 2. Jumlah host/subnet ? 3. Block Subnet ? 4. Tuliskan semua blok subnet

Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast  Unicast – a message addressed to one host  Broadcast – a message addressed to all hosts on a network. Uses network’s broadcast address or locally  Multicast – a message addressed to a group of hosts. Uses an address starting Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT38

Private IP addresses  Penggunaan tak terbatas pada jaringan pribadi. Tidak diarahkan di Internet  – ( /8)  – ( /20)  – ( /24) 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT39

Public IP addresses  Routed over the Internet  Master holder is IANA  Assigned to regional registries and then to ISPs  ISPs allocate them to organisations and individual users  Use is strictly controlled as duplicate addresses are not allowed 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT40

Special addresses  “all addresses” in default route. Hosts cannot be given addresses starting 0.  is loopback. Hosts cannot be given addresses starting 127.  and higher – reserved for experimental purposes.  local only  to for teaching 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT41

Network address translation  A large number of hosts on a network use private addresses to communicate with each other.  The ISP allocates one or a few public addresses.  NAT allows the hosts to share the public addresses when they want to use the Internet 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT42

Addressing hosts  Static addressing – address is configured by an administrator  Servers, printers, routers, switches need static addresses  Dynamic addressing – address is allocated automatically by DHCP by leasing addresses from a pool  Dynamic addressing is best for workstations 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT43

Blocks of addresses UseAddress rangeSummary Network address /25 User hosts Servers /26 Peripherals /27 Network devices /27 Router Broadcast Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

Subnetting /24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Address Subnet mask Last octet binary Borrow 1 bit from host part, give it to network part, /25 Addresses Subnet mask

Subnetting /24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Borrow 2 bits from host part, give to network part, /26 Addresses Subnet mask

Subnetting /24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Borrow 3 bits from host part, give to network part, /27 Addresses Subnet mask

Subnetting /24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Borrow 4 bits from host part, give to network part, / Subnet mask And so on… 48

Subnetting /24  Every time you borrow another bit you:  Double the number of subnets  Halve the size of the subnets  Each subnet has a network address, a broadcast address, and everything in between is a host address.  Here are some ways of visualising the process. 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT49

Subnetting /24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Bits borrowed No of networks Prefix/25/26/27/28/29/30 Bit value/ network size No of hosts Subnet mask

Subnet chart 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT51

Subnetting  There are many subnet calculators, but you will not be able to use them in exams.  Start with the biggest subnet and work down to the smallest.  Make sure the subnets are valid sizes with valid subnet masks.  Make sure that there are no overlaps. 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT52

Ping and traceroute  Ping sends an ICMP message. If all is well, the destination replies. If not, a router may reply to say the destination is unreachable, or the ping may time out.  Traceroute sends a series of messages so that each router along the path replies. You get a list of addresses of all the routers. 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT53

IPv6  Development started in 1990s because of concerns about IPv4 addresses running out  A whole new protocol suite – not just layer 3  Uses 128-bit hierarchical addressing, written using hexadecimal  Simpler header  Integrated security – authentication, privacy  Quality of service mechanisms 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT54

LOGO Thank You Ref: S Ward Abingdon and Witney College 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT55