Chapter 10.1 By: Noelle Hadid, Kyle Namm, Nate Wakefield, Lydia Gordon

I. Differences between North & South Northern Industrialization Rapid industrialization in Northern states 20,000 miles of railroad track laid during the 1850s Factories turned out ever-increasing amounts of products such as textiles, sewing machines, farm equipment & guns

II. Differences between North & South Agriculture & Slavery in the South Only 10% of manufactured goods produced in Southern states during the 1850s Southern states remain a rural society consisting mostly of plantations and small farms Southern economy relied on staple crops such as cotton While northern railroads were expanding, southerners were using river transportation to transport goods

III. Immigration NORTH vs. SOUTH Most immigrants settled in the industrialized North Most opposed slavery Feared the expansion of slavery into western territories Southern states offered newly arriving immigrants little opportunity for jobs; no need for laborers because of African American slaves and freed slaves.

IV. Slavery in the Territories A. The Wilmot Proviso 1. Promoted the ideal that both slavery and involuntary servitude shall ever exist. a. meant that CA as well as the territories of UT and NM would be close to slavery forever. 2.divided congress along regional lines. 3.southerners feared that it would become a law. B. Statehood for California 1. as a result of the gold rush, California quickly grew in population. a. it skipped the territorial phase b. It became a state in September 9th, southerners thought they would get California

V. The Senate Debates Clay's Compromise 1. Henry Clay worked day and night to shape a compromise that both the north and south could accept. 2. Clay visited his old rival Daniel Webster on January 21, 1850, and obtained Webster's support Terms of the Compromise California admitted as a free state Utah and New Mexico territories decide about slavery Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute resolved: Texas paid $10 million by federal government The scale of slaves banned in the District of Columbia. But slavery itself continued there. Fugitive slave act required people in the free states to help capture and return escaped slaves.

VI. CALHOUN AND WEBSTER RESPOND CALHOUN Calhoun believed strongly in states' rights over federal power and held the interests of the slaveholding south as his highest priority He had long believed that "the agitation of the subject of slavery would... end in disunion." He blamed the sectional crisis on northern abolitionist and argued that the south had " no concession or surrender to make" on the issue of slavery WEBSTER Webster had argued with northern Whigs that slavery should not be extended into territories Upon hearing Calhoun's threat of secession, he took to the senate floor and endorsed clays compromise " for the preservation of the union.... a great, popular, constitutional government, guarded by legislation, law, by judicature, and defended by the whole affections of the people."

VII. The Compromise is adopted The senate rejected the proposed compromise in July