Principles of Design Building blocks of creating and interpreting Art

What are the Principles of Design?  Used for creating and evaluating art  The Principles of Design are useful for organizing a composition  Some works of art contain some or none of the Principles of Design

Movement  Associated with Rhythm, an arrangement of parts to create a sense of motion to the viewers eye. Movement can also move the viewer ’ s eye toward a focal point.  Attributes of Movement ▪ Implied Movement: association of movement from a moving object (i.e. water, cars, people, etc) ▪ Optical Movement: movement of the viewers eye across an area by using color or shapes

Katsushika Hokusai The Great Wave of Kanagawa

Pablo Picasso Guernica 1937

Pattern  Created by repeating lines, shapes or other elements in an organized way  Attributes of Pattern ▪ Repetition: ▪ Regular Pattern: patterns that repeat in a linear way (i.e. shingles, bricks, tiles, etc) ▪ Radial Pattern: patterns that are symmetrical when cut in half (i.e. leaves, carpets, flowers, etc) ▪ Irregular: shapes or lines found from nature

Chartres Cathedral Rose Window 1215

Andy Warhol Campbell ’ s Soup

Greek Vase

Rhythm  Design principle based on the repetition of art elements. Developing rhythm can help unify a work of Art.  Attributes of Rhythm: ▪ Rhythm can be planned or unplanned placement of repeating elements or objects. Varying the repetition of objects will create better interest.

13 Jacob Lawrence Barber Shop 1946

14 Auguste Rodin Three Shades 1881

Contrast & Variety  The difference or variety of art elements in a composition.  Attributes of Contrast ▪ Value: Amount of contrast ▪ Color: Compliments ▪ Shape: Variation of shape

17 Larry Poons Orange Crush 1963

Emphasis  One element in a composition stands out from the rest of the composition  Attributes of Emphasis ▪ Focal Point: the point in the composition where the viewer ’ s eye is attracted to first ▪ Contrast: color and shape can create emphasis by changing its value

Balance  The distribution of visual weight in an art work.  Attributes of Balance ▪ Radial: type of balance that originates from a circular center ▪ Formal: symmetrical balance ▪ Informal: asymmetrical balance

Georgia O ’ Keeffe Oriental Poppies 1927

Mark Rothko Oriental Poppies 1927

James Whistler Arrangement in Gray and Black 1871

Unity & Harmony  Describes the way the artwork is treated as a whole. It is when all the principles and elements work as a whole.  Attributes of Unity ▪ Proximity: creating groups of objects ▪ Similarity: making things similar to one another ▪ Continuation: creating a flow of vision

Vincent Van Gogh The Starry Night (1889)

28 Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa ( )

Andy Warhol Shot Orange Marilyn 1964

Proportion  A measurement of the size and quantity of elements within a composition.  Attributes of Proportion: Accurate Measurement ▪ Human Form ▪ Illusion of three-dimensional space ▪ Perspective

Jacques-Louis David The Death of Socrates

Raphael The School of Athens

M.C. Escher Hand with Reflecting Sphere

Albrecht Durer Self-Portrait