Health Risks in India: Cholera By: Justin Ritchey On this page: Type in the name of the disease you are researching where it says (name of disease). Do not keep the ( ) Type in your name. Do not keep the ( ) ** Any time you see words written between ( ), replace them with the information it is asking for.

Cholera: What causes it? Cause of Cholera Vibrio Cholerae bacteria (Insert picture associated with your disease here) On this page, replace (Name of Disease) with the name of your disease Type in each cause of the disease (you may not need cause 2 and 3) Find a picture of your disease (look for a picture of the virus or bacteria responsible for the illness) Replace the picture of the jellyfish with the picture you found Enter a caption under the picture identifying what the virus or bacteria it is.

Cholera: How do you get it? Transmission Ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae Cholera spread across the world from it’s original source, a reservoir in the Ganges delta in India Direct transmission from person to person even to health care workers during epidemics has been reported but is not frequent On this page: Replace (Name of disease) with the name of your illness Answer the questions IN COMPLETE SENTENCES!!! For example, “Cholera is spread through water or food contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholarea.” Find a picture of the TRANSMISSION METHOD for your disease. Replace the picture of the penguins with the picture you have found. Write a caption for the picture, replacing the words in ( ). For example, “Contaminated water in India.”

Cholera: Symptoms Symptoms of Cholera has an incubation period of 2 hours to 5 days Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that affects both children and adults and can kill within hours Mild to moderate diarhea, dehydration, nausea and vomiting can lead to other symptoms such as muscle cramps, tachycardia, and dry mucous membranes Every year there are roughly 1.4 to 4.3 million cases and 28,000 to 142,000 deaths per year world wide On this page Replace (Name of disease) with the name of your disease Answer all questions in complete sentences as you did on the previous slide. Find a picture of a person sick with your disease. Replace the picture of the pirates with the picture you have found. Write a caption for your picture, replacing the ( ).

(Name of Disease) in India (Insert map of India about this disease) On this page Replace (Name of disease) with the name of your disease Find a map of India that relates to your illness Replace the map of Europe with the map you have found.

Cholera in India The Indian subcontinent is vulnerable to this disease due its vast coastlines with areas of poor sanitation, unsafe drinking water, and overcrowding. Climate conditions in India, such as monsoon season, play a major role in the persistence and spread of cholera The antimicrobials used in the past are no longer useful in the treatment of cholera because the bacteria has acquired several mechanisms for multiple antimicrobial resistance.  On this page: Replace (Name of disease) with the name of your disease Answer all questions in complete sentences. For example, “Most cases of cholera are reported during the monsoon season in India.”

Cholera: Treatment Treatment of Cholera Cholera is an easily treatable disease Up to 80% of people can be treated through prompt administration of oral rehydration salts Very severely dehydrated people also need antibiotics Mass administration of antibiotics is not recommended With proper treatment case fatality rates should remain below 1% 2 WHO prequalified oral cholera vaccines exist Dukoral® protection can be expected 1 week after the last dose and 85% protections for 4-6 months in all ages Shanchol ® provides longer protection than Dukoral® and 67% protection against clinically significant cholera for at least 2 years after vaccination On this page: Replace (Name of disease) with the name of your disease Answer all questions in complete sentences. For example, “One method used to treat and combat the spread of cholera is…”

Cholera: Current Problems Health education campaigns should promote appropriate hygine practices such as: Washing hands with soap Safe preparatin and storage of food Breastfeeding awareness campaigns Encouragement of people with symptoms to seek health care Use modern communication methods such as phones, social media adapted to local cultures The burden of cholera in India is clearly undersetimated. The annual number of cholera cases reported to the WHO by the government is several times lover than numbers obtained through the ICMR On this page: Replace (Name of disease) with the name of your disease Answer all questions in complete sentences. For example, “In the past … has been successful at coping with cholera, but as time has gone on, it has lost it’s effectiveness.”