Why have ethnicities been transformed into nationalities? Chapter 7: Ethnicity Key Issue #2

Nationality vs. ethnicity vs. race Ethnicity – group with ancestry & cultural traditions Cultural traditions = food, language, holidays, etc. Ex. African American, Hispanic Americans, etc. Race – physical characteristics used to identify groups Ex. White, Black, Japanese, etc. Nationality – group of people sharing a legal bond and allegiance to a country Citizenship either through birth or immigration

Rise of Nationalities Nation-States Ethnicities that govern themselves in a corresponding territory Self-determination – ethnicities have the RIGHT to govern themselves Ex. Denmark: Most people who speak Danish live in Denmark Cultural connection to current territory for over 1000 years But… Still have immigrant populations (i.e. Turks) and territories (i.e. Greenland) Nationalism – loyalty and devotion to a nationality

German Nation-state 1924 – Unified German speaking country after WWI 1800 – Small ethnic nation-states 1924 – Unified German speaking country after WWI

German Nation-State Cont’d 1989 – after WWII before fall of Communism 2010 – after fall of Communism

Nationalism How do Americans show their nationalism? How do other countries show their nationalism? How does nationalism relate to allies & enemies? When do you feel the MOST patriotic? Are people more patriotic or less patriotic today? Justify your answer!!!

Multinational States Multiethnic states – more than one ethnicity in a country Ex. US Multinational states – two or more ethnic groups with histories of self-determination that agree to coexist Ex. UK = England, Scotland, Wales, & Northern Ireland British Isles = Great Britain & Lesser Britain (Ireland) Great Britain = England, Scotland, & Wales England = the lower part of Great Britain

Multinational States Ex. Former Soviet Union 15 major ethnic groups in one multinational state When it broke up in the 1990’s it broke into 15 separate countries 15 new countries: Three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania Fairly stable Three European states: Belarus, Moldova, & Ukraine Stable but many Moldovans want to reunite with Romania Five Central Asian states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan Varying degrees of success Three Caucasus states: Azerbaijan, Armenia, & Georgia Found between the Caspian and Black Seas Many ethnicities (page 222) Russia Chechnya one of the biggest obstacles

Revival of ethnic identity Soviet Union put strong pressure to ignore ethnic identity in favor of nationalism 21st Century marks the reemergence of ethnic identities Minority ethnicities still struggle in multinational states When this unrest reaches its peak – civil war is possible Ex.’s Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Israel