1 Agile COCOMO II: A Tool for Software Cost Estimating by Analogy Cyrus Fakharzadeh Barry Boehm Gunjan Sharman SCEA 2002 Presentation University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

2 Outline Introduction Background Motivation Implementation Applications Conclusions University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

3 Outline Introduction Background Motivation Implementation Applications Conclusions University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

4 Introduction Common to estimate software cost and schedule by analogy to a previous project –Including projects that use Agile methods Certain key cost factors may change for next project Want a simple method of software cost estimation Goal: build a simple tool to achieve this objective University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

5 Outline Introduction Background Motivation Implementation Applications Conclusions University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

6 Agile Methods Typical approaches –Adaptive Software Development, Crystal methods, Extreme Programming, Feature Driven Development, and Scrum Definition of agile (Merriam-Webster) –Marked by the ready ability to move with quick easy grace Agile COCOMO II is marked by the ready ability to move quickly in giving estimates with easy grace University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

7 COCOMO II Cost Drivers University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC ProductRequired Software Reliability Database Size Product Complexity Developed for Reusability Documentation Match to Life-Cycle Needs PlatformExecution Time Constraint Main Storage Constraint Platform Volatility PersonnelAnalyst Capability Programmer Capability Personnel Continuity Application Experience Platform Experience Language and Tool Experience ProjectUse of Software Tools Multisite Development Schedule

8 COCOMO II Scale Factors Precedentedness Development Flexibility Architecture/Risk Resolution Team Cohesion Process Maturity University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

9 Outline Introduction Background Motivation Implementation Applications Conclusions University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

10 COCOMO II Model Enter –Size (SLOC – source lines of code) –Cost Drivers –Scale Factors Produces –Effort (Person-Months) –Schedule (Months) –Staff (People) Problem: Most people don’t want to figure out the other parameters Solution: Focus on one or 2 parameters and not the others University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

11 (USC) COCOMO II Shortcomings Better suited for software cost experts Does not easily support cost estimation by analogy More knowledge is required to use Requires specification of many parameters Time-consuming to use User interface is more complicated Platform-dependent University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

12 Outline Introduction Background Motivation Implementation Applications Conclusions University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

13 Requirements Browser Compatibility –Internet Explorer 6.0+ –Netscape 6.2+ Supported Platforms –PC –Macintosh –Linux –UNIX University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

14 Initialization University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

15 Analogy Parameters Total Cost in Dollars Total Effort in Person-Months Productivity in Dollars / (Function Point) Productivity in Dollars / (Lines of Code) Productivity in (Function Points) / Person-Month Productivity in (Lines of Code) / Person-Month University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

16 Define the Cost Driver Adjustments University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

17 Define the Changes to Scale Factors University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

18 Compute Next Project’s Cost University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

19 Options 1. Change a Difference Cost Driver/Scale Factor 2. Change an Additional Cost Driver/Scale Factor 3. Go Back to the Initial Estimate 4. View Report 5. Estimate Another Project University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

20 Report University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

21 Online Help University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

22 Outline Introduction Background Motivation Implementation Applications Conclusions University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

23 Applications Example software applications –Business –Defense –Energy –Environmental –Space –Transportation Tradeoff analysis –Compare options with difference scenarios to compare the resulting cost University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

24 Outline Introduction Background Motivation Implementation Applications Conclusions University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC

25 Conclusions Limitations –No file system capability for this tool –Report may be printed/saved, but no way to load/save values from a session using the tool –Need to use USC COCOMO II for such features Being beta-tested by CSE Affiliates to be released later Browser-independent Platform-independent University of Southern California Center for Software Engineering CSE USC