Muhammad Musaddiq.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Topic 8. Gamma Camera (II)
Advertisements

Instruments for Radiation Detection and Measurement Lab # 4.
Lab B4: The Creation and Annihilation of Antimatter SFSU Physics 490 Spring 2004 Professor Roger Bland.
Constructing an Analog Digital Converter (ADC) to Measure Neutron Depolarization in Deuterium Aung Kyaw Sint and Dr. Alexander Komives CsI scintillator.
King Abdul-Aziz University Diagnostic Radiology Department MS.Nouf Al-Zahrani DR. Saddiq Jastniah Introduction to Nuclear Medicine 2 nd year.
Chapter 8 Planar Scintigaraphy
1. 2  Ray Imaging u Inject a pharmaceutical labelled with a radioactive nuclide  Detect where  -rays are coming from u Local concentration in patient.
Nuclear Medicine Spring 2009 FINAL. 2 NM Team Nuclear medicine MD Nuclear medicine MD Physicist Physicist Pharmacist Pharmacist Technologist Technologist.
Gamma Camera Technology
Computed Tomography RAD309
GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction to Medical Imaging
Instruments for Radiation Detection and Measurement
Photomultiplier Tube. What is it? Extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared Multiplies the signal produced by.
Lecture 11  Production of Positron Emitters, Continued  The Positron Tomograph.
RAD 466-L 8 by Dr. Halima Hawesa
Instruments for Radiation Detection and Measurement Lab # 3 (1)
– The clinical utility of ultrafast cardiocentric 3D SPECT novel semi-conductor scanner technology – Berry Allen PhD 31 August 2013.
BASIC PHYSICS & RADIOPHARMACY & INSTRUMENTATION in NUCLEAR MEDICINE by Prof. Dr. Haluk B. Sayman.
Innovation is in our genes. 1 Siemens Medical Solutions Molecular Imaging What are SPECT basics?
Scintillators, DAQ boards, and PMTs Getting Familiarized With the Equipment By Melissa Sussmann and Alex Bonnifield.
Scintillation Detectors
SCINTILLATION COUNTER. PRINCIPLE When light radiations strike fluorescent material it produces flashes of light called scintillations. These are detected.
Md.Kausher ahmed Electrical department. Biomedical engineering Code:6875.
Nuclear Medicine: Planar Imaging and the Gamma Camera Katrina Cockburn Nuclear Medicine Physicist.
Medical Image Analysis Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter in Medical Imaging Figures come from the textbook: Medical Image Analysis,
Introduction to nuclear medicine technology NMT 231 Aya Ahmed Saeed.
Nuclear Medicine Principles & Technology_I
Lecture 3-Building a Detector (cont’d) George K. Parks Space Sciences Laboratory UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE.  High Energy Photon  Ionizing Radiation --Radiopharmaceutical  Exposes Detector  Projection Data  Dynamic / Physiologic Here we.
Nuclear medicine Basic principles.
CAT scanners and gamma cameras Unit 16 Waves. Learning objectives Describe how CAT scanners can produce a much more detailed image than conventional X-rays.
Chapter V Radiation Detectors.
Lecture 12  Last Week Summary  Sources of Image Degradation  Quality Control  The Sinogram  Introduction to Image Processing.
Nuclear Medicine Physics and Equipment 243 RAD 1 Dr. Abdo Mansour Assistant Professor of radiology
Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation 242 NMT 1 Dr. Abdo Mansour Assistant Professor of radiology
Chapter-2 The Planar Imaging Gamma Camera
Introduction to Gamma Camera
Chapter-2 The Planar Imaging Important points in chapter 2 (chapter 13 from the book) The gamma camera (the basic principles of the gamma camera) The types.
Nuclear Medicine Introduction
 Two reasons medical tracers can be placed in a body:  Diagnose disease or Treat Disease  In both cases, several factors must be accounted for:  Gamma.
PET Imaging Positron Emission Tomography
Gamma Camera Technology
Radiation detectors Ion chamber 2. Geiger Muller counter (GM).
Nuclear Medicine Physics
P.E.T. Positron Emission Tomography
Computed Tomography Data Acquisition
Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson you should…
Image quality and Performance Characteristics
Gamma Camera.
Function and Structure in
Lecture 1: Development of the Analog Gamma Camera
Instruments for measurement of Antigen-Antibody interactions
Application of Nuclear Physics
Scintillation Counter
When this happens... We see this... 12/6/2018 Steve Wotton.
Positron Emission tomography
The Hall C Heavy Gas Cerenkov
Lecture 1—Basic Principles of Scintillation
Oct 10, 2018 Muhammad Qasim Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Physics, Mardan, Pakistan by.
Gamma Camera & Basic Principles
Function and Structure in
Gamma Camera Ilker Ozsahin Oct
Nuclear Medicine Introduction
Development of a Large Area Gamma-ray Detector
3/9/2019 L13-L14 1 Instruments for Radiation Detection & Measurement PRINCE SATTAM BIN ABDUL AZIZ UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Nuclear Pharmacy (PHT.
Radioactivity B. Sc. -III Feb Dr. Wagh G. S. M. Sc. M. Phil. Ph
Photomultiplier (PMT) Tubes
Assist. Prof. Dr. Ilker Ozsahin Oct
X-ray detectors single photon detectors
Presentation transcript:

Muhammad Musaddiq

GAMMA CAMERA Dual Head Gamma Camera Manufacturer: Toshiba Model: GCA-7200A Department: Nuclear Medicine. Specific feature is Scan whole body anterior and posterior view simultaneously.

GAMMA CAMERA Developed by Hal Anger at Berkeley in 1957 therefore also called Anger camera An electronic device that detects gamma rays emitted by radio pharmaceautical (e.g technetium 99m (Tc-99m) that have been introduced into the body as tracers. The position of the source of the radioactivity can be plotted and displayed on a TV monitor or photographic film.

COMPONENTS OF GAMMA CAMERA Collimator NaI(Tl) crystal. Photomultiplier Tubes(PMT) Pre-amplifier Position logic circuits Amplifier Pulse height analyzer Data Analysis Computer Display (Cathode Ray Tube etc). Gantry

FLOW DIAGRAM OF GAMMA CAMERA

COLLIMATOR Collimator is made from lead. Maintains the quality of image Spaces between holes known as septa Collimator consisting of a series of holes in a lead plate can be used to select the direction of the rays falling on the crystal. There are 4 types of collimator. Parallel-hole collimator Pin-hole collimator Diverging Converging Most collimators in use are parallel hole collimators. A parallel hole collimator is shown schematically in Figure.

COLLIMATOR(cont)

SCINTILLATOR (CRYSTAL) Sodium iodide with thallium NaI( Tl ) The main function of crystal is convert gamma ray to photons of visible light process called scintillation. Amount of light proportional to deposited energy.

CRYSTAL (cont)

PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE(PMT) The photomultiplier tube (PMT) is an instrument that converts light to electrical signals. Gamma Camera contains 37 -91 PMT. It detects and amplifies the electrons that are produced by the photocathode.  The photocathode, when stimulated by light photons, ejects electrons. The PMT is attached to the back of the crystal.   

PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE(PMT) Only a very small amount of light is given off from the scintillation detector. Only one electron is generated for every 7 to 10 photons incident on the photocathode.This electron is focused on a dynode that absorbs it and re-emits many more electrons (usually 6 to 10).These new electrons are focused on the next dynode and the process is repeated over and over in an array of dynodes.  At the base of the PMT is an anode that attracts the final large cluster of electrons and converts them into an electrical pulse.

PRE AMPLIFIER AND AMPLIFIER Preamps attach above the PMT. The amount of charge given by PMT is very small. Even though we have used a sophisticated photodetector like a PMT we still end up with quite a small electrical signal. A very sensitive amplifier is therefore needed to amplify this signal. This type of amplifier is generally called a pre-amplifier. Afte that use amlifier to amlify the signal as need.

POSITION CIRCUITARY & PULSE HEIGHT ANALYSER Position circuitary receive the electrical impulses from the tubes in the summing matrix circuit (SMC).  This allows the position circuits to determine where each scintillation event occurred in the detector crystal. The amplitude of each electrical pulse from the amplifiers is measured in the electrical circuits of the pulse-height analyzer Peak height analyzer and a computer convert the light into a useful anatomical image

DATA ANALYSIS COMPUTER Finally, a processing computer is used to deal with the incoming projection data and processes it into a readable image of the 3D spatial distribution of activity within the patient.  The computer may use various methods to reconstruct an image, such as filtered back projection or iterative reconstruction.

GANTRY A gamma camera system attached with gantry. All circuits and motors related to movement ( longitudnal,rotational,up & down)of gamma camera placed in gantry. gantry

GAMMA CAMERA SCAN The scan of whole body.

APPLICATION OF GAMMA CAMERA GAMMA CAMERA used to locate cancerous tumours,minor bone fractures,abnormal functioning of organs and other medical problems . Iodine-131 is used to detect thyroid (a gland that absorbs Iodine) problems. Technetium-99 is used to find tumours in the body. Gamma camera give structural and functional image of body organs. Bone scan. Myocardial Perfusion Lungs scan. Kidney function. Thyroid uptake Whole body scan.

THANKS