Objectives Identify prepositions. Recognize prepositional phrases, objects of prepositions, and compound prepositions. Differentiate between adverbs and prepositional phrases. Recognize the functions of prepositional phrases as adjectives and adverbs. continued PP 14-1a

A word that shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence. The baseball player in the white shirt hit a homerun.

near the goat about a goon under a mouse without a pass A word that shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence. on her boat before noon in a house during class near the goat about a goon under a mouse without a pass

Kinds of Prepositions: @ Simple prepositions: Prepositions which consists only one word. e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc.., @ Compound prepositions: Prepositions which consists of two or more words. e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the side of etc..,

Prepositions describe Time Place Direction

Prepositions of Time Some prepositions show when something happens. They are called prepositions of time. Examples:- School starts at nine o’clock. We’re going to the zoo on Saturday. No, you can’t watch a video. It’s past your bedtime already. I visited my grandparents during the summer. You must finish the work by Friday. I’ll do my homework before dinner.

Prepositions of Place Some prepositions show where something happens. They are called prepositions of place. Examples:- Sanny was sitting under a tree. There’s a wooden floor underneath the carpet. Some geese flew over their house. John and Sarah were hiding inside the wardrobe. There was a tree beside the river. I have a friend who lives in America.

Prepositions of Direction Some prepositions show where something is going. They are called prepositions of direction. Examples:- The boys chased after each other. The football rolled down the hill. A man was walking his dog along the riverbank. The freeway goes right through the city. We were travelling towards Miami.

TRY THIS: 1. A cat was sitting _______the roof of my car. (place) 2. Some people were talking ___the movie. (time) 3. A man was coming____ us on his bike. (direction) 4. The party starts_____ six o’clock. (time) 5. She put the book ____her bag. (place) 6. We walked____ the street to the park. (place) 7. She keeps her slippers____ her bed. (place) 8. We always wash our hands ____meals. (time) 9. She ran ____the dog because she was frightened. (direction)

In English, the most used prepositions are: of to in for with on

Here are some of the more common prepositions: aboard about above across after against along alongside amid among amongst around as aside astride at atop B barring before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond but by C circa concerning considering D despite down during E except excepting excluding F failing following for from I in including inside into L like M minus N near nearby next notwithstanding O of off on onto opposite outside over P past per plus R regarding round S save since T than through throughout till times to toward towards U under underneath unlike until unto up upon V versus via W with within without worth

according to by way of instead of ahead of in addition to Here are some compound prepositions: according to by way of instead of ahead of in addition to on account of apart from in front of prior to aside from In place of with respect to because of in spite of  by means of up on  

Prepositions with Adjectives Prepositions are used with some adjectives. The adjectives in these examples are printed in color. Dad was angry with us. We were afraid of the big dog. She’s not very interested in sports. John is very good at drawing. Mr. Lee is pleased with our work. The teachers are always kind to us. What’s wrong with the computer?

Prepositions with Verbs Prepositions are used with some verbs. The verbs in these examples are printed in color. I’m looking for my pencil. Have you seen it? Can you think of another word for ‘pleased’? Does this book belong to you? We’re listening to CDs. I agree with you. Tell me about the show you saw. Cut the cake into five pieces. They borrowed money from the bank.

Prepositions with Nouns Prepositions are used with some nouns. The nouns in these examples are printed in color. What’s the answer to this question? Is there a reason for this delay? What’s the matter with you? Here’s an example of good behavior. Congratulations on winning the competition! Traffic can cause damage to the environment.

Always begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. Create sentences for these prepositional phrases:

What is a PHRASE? After midnight on the roof A phrase is a group of words that acts as a single part of speech (like an adjective or adverb) that does not contain both a subject and a verb. It is a fragment of a sentence, so it cannot express an idea on its own. After midnight on the roof with a Ukranian bullfighter

What’s a PHRASE? Felcity stared. Surprised by the intensity of her disgust, Felicity stared. Surprised by the intensity of her disgust, Felicity stared at the cockroach. Surprised by the intensity of her disgust, Felicity stared at the cockroach scurrying across her omelet.

The puppy in the shop window jumped up. Modifies a noun or pronoun It answers the same questions an adjective would: Which one? What kind? How many? The puppy in the shop window jumped up.

The puppy jumped to the food. Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb It answers the same questions an adverb would: Where? When? How? The puppy jumped to the food.

OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase. The baseball player in the white shirt hit a homerun.

OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase. on her boat before noon in a house during class near the goat about a goon under a mouse without a pass

A prepositional phrase can open a sentence Without help, Janie made this message for Santa. Is this prepositional phrase working as an adjective or adverb? What is the object of the preposition? Notice: the comma offsets the prepositional phrase

A prepositional phrase can close a sentence We ate corn dogs and drank root beer floats after the baseball game. Is this prepositional phrase working as an adjective or adverb? What is the object of the preposition? Notice NO comma is needed

A prepositional phrase can split the main subject and verb All the puppies, except those that had been trained, pooped everywhere! Is this prepositional phrase working as an adjective or adverb? What is the object of the preposition? Notice: commas offset the prepositional phrase

A sentence can have consecutive prepositional phrases 1 2 In grandma’s attic, under the window, in a cardboard box between two garbage cans, we found these scary Santa Clauses. 3 4 Are these prepositional phrase working as adjectives or adverbs? What are the objects of the prepositions?

Find the prepositional phrases. 1. Three German submarines surrounded the island during the night.

Three German submarines surrounded the island during the night.

Find the prepositional phrases. Getting fresh water and vegetables was difficult. They were shipped to the island. The submarines kept bombing the ships carrying these items. 2. Getting fresh water and vegetables was difficult. They were shipped to the island. The submarines kept bombing the ships carrying these items.

Getting fresh water and vegetables was difficult Getting fresh water and vegetables was difficult. They were shipped to the island. The submarines kept bombing the ships carrying these items.

Find the prepositional phrases. 3. The roads of ancient Rome connected the cities of the empire.

The roads of ancient Rome connected the cities of the empire.

Find the prepositional phrases. 4. Phillip and Timothy along with Stew Cat floated to a small island.

Phillip and Timothy along with Stew Cat floated to a small island.

Find the prepositional phrases. 5. After dinner Mom went to a baby shower.

Find the prepositional phrases. After dinner Mom went to a baby shower.

Find the prepositional phrases. 6. We looked below the sink for a bucket.

Find the prepositional phrases. We looked below the sink for a bucket.

Find the prepositional phrases. 7. Some jogger ran over the hill and past a lake.

Find the prepositional phrases. Some jogger ran over the hill and past a lake.

Find the prepositional phrases. 8. In June my cousin went down the Colorado River In June my cousin went down the Colorado River.

Find the prepositional phrases. In June my cousin went down the Colorado River.

Find the prepositional phrases. 9. During the blizzard the children remained inside the house.

Find the prepositional phrases. During the blizzard the children remained inside the house.

You MUST memorize the prepositions! If there is no object of the preposition (if the preposition is not part of a phrase), then it is not a preposition—it is an adverb.

For Example The words by, through, and in can be used as adverbs without objects. When these same words take objects, they are prepositions. Casual Fridays are in. (In is an adverb that answers the question Where? No object follows the word in.)   Causal Friday attire is described in the company handbook. (In is a preposition. In this sentence, it takes the object handbook.) PP 14-6

The gecko climbed up. The gecko climbed up the wall. The gecko climbed up on the wall.

The paper with the blue border is floating through the air. Identify the prepositional phrases and the objects of the preposition: The paper with the blue border is floating through the air. Jordan’s eyes sparkle like a sunny day. With great ease, Michael jumped up on the table.

The paper with the blue border is floating through the air. v The paper with the blue border is floating through the air. Jordan’s eyes sparkle like a sunny day. With great ease, Michael jumped up on the table.

Find the prepositional phrases and their objects. 4. After leaving the island of Curacao, their ship was attacked one day outside of Panama.

After leaving the island of Curacao, their ship was attacked one day outside of Panama.

Find the prepositional phrases and their objects. 5. Phillip ended up on a raft in the Caribbean Sea. He heard a plane flying over, but the plane went on without stopping.

Phillip ended up on a raft in the Caribbean Sea. He heard a plane flying over, but the plane went on without stopping.

The tadpoles are below the surface of the pond. adverb or preposition? The tadpoles are below the surface of the pond. I jumped up and Amy jumped down. Is Taylor near? Erin looked across the bus to the purple-haired boy.