Chapter 4 Earth Science ROCKS

Words to Know – Section 1 The Rock Cycle rock rock cycle

mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rock

model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time rock cycle

Words to Know – Section 2 Igneous Rocks igneous rock lava intrusive extrusive basaltic granitic

rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens igneous rock

molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth’s surface lava

describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface intrusive

describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth’s surface extrusive

describes dense, dark-colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica basaltic

describes generally light- colored, silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock granitic

Words to Know – Section 3 Metamorphic Rocks metamorphic rock foliated nonfoliated

forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form or composition, or both metamorphic rock

describes metamorphic rock, such as slate and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers foliated

describes metamorphic rock, such as quartzite or marble, whose mineral grains grow and rearrange but generally do not form layers nonfoliated

Words to Know – Section 4 Sedimentary Rocks sediment sedimentary rock compaction cementation

loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity sediment

forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions sedimentary rock

process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them compaction

sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are produced when water moved through rock and soil cementation