ALPHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TOPIC NAME: BRICK MASONARY GUIDED BY: MISS NIDHI PATEL PREPARED BY: Kirit singh dodiya 130510106017 Shashikant giri 130510106018 NAYAK HETA 130510106019 JAIN MEHUL 130510106020

Brick Masonry

Defination The construction of brick units bonded together with mortar is termed as BRICK MASONRY.

Types of Bricks Traditional bricks

Modular bricks

Bricks are classified as per manufacturing as: 1 hand moulded 2 machine moulded

Bricks are classified as per quality and utility 1st Class(Grade A) Water Absorption less than 20%. Compressive strength not less than 10.5N/mm2. Used for face worked structure. 2nd Class(Grade B) Water absorption 20 to 22%. Compressive strength not less than 7N/mm2. Used for ordinary Structure.

3rd Class (Grade C) Bricks are slightly soft. Used for temporary structures Water Absorption 22 to 25%. 4th Class(Grade D) Bricks are very hard. Used as metal for concrete in foundation. Bricks are overburnt.

Bonds in Brick masonry Bonding is a process of arranging bricks in courses with mortar to tie them together in a mass of brick work.

The bonds in brick masonry can be classified as :- Stretcher Bond

Header bond

English Bond

Garden Wall Bond English Garden Wall bond Flemish Garden wall Bond

Raking Bond Herring bone bond Diagonal Bond

BRICK MORTAR Mortar is a vital part of brick construction. As bricks are made of clay, then fired in a furnace to remove the moisture and make them hard, they are impossible to make in exact, consistent size – but in modern day it is close. In early times, mortar was used as a cushion to align the assembly process to maintain square and plumb in a structure. Additional strength in the mortar mix was not necessary because it was made of the same material as brick. But since fired bricks are much stronger than the original sun-dried clay, the strength of mortar was improved to make stronger buildings.

With the development of natural cement for the manufacture of concrete, it became a natural matrix for masonry mortar. Mortar is a mix much like concrete; which consists of stone aggregates held together by a matrix. In the case of concrete, that consists of a gradation of large rocks, smaller rocks, and still smaller particles (sand) – all mixed consistently and held together by a paste of cement and water, which hardens by a chemical process called hydration. Masonry mortar is a mixture of sand, cement, and water, with the addition of lime to lend smoothness and workability to the mix.

Maintains the strength of the masonry wall Mortar Functions Maintains the strength of the masonry wall Seals against moisture and vermin Bonds the masonry units together It should be a part of the aesthetic value of a building. Provides for “full” bearing MASONRY UNITS IRREGULAR “CUSHIONS” FULL BEARING Seals between masonry units WATER WIND Adheres / bonds masonry units STRUCTURAL BOND Aesthetics USUALLY 20% OF SURFACE IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION GENERALY “MOCKUP” ARCHITECT / OWNER APP’L PRIOR TO THE START OF MASONRY

MAKING BRICKS Early molding of bricks was done by shaping a mass of mud by hand. Then individual single molds made of wood increased production and consistency of size. Then multiple molds made of wood increased production even more. Today, very sophisticated methods exist for shaping bricks by extruding clay through a steel form, then cutting to individual units.

Wood molds for making brick

The color of bricks up until approximately 20 years ago depended upon the color of clay, which was found in large deposits in the ground. Constant use of brick as a veneer in residential and commercial construction as population grew, led to depletion of consistent color clay deposits. Now, nearly all brick used in residential construction are made of any clay, but given their color by a slurry mix that is applied to the units before firing. 20th Century Developments Steel Reinforced Masonry GREATER SUPPORT / LESS WEIGHT High Strength Mortars GREATER STRENGTH IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO THE ELEMENTS High Strength Masonry Units Variety of Sizes, Colors & Coatings IMPROVED “ARCHITECTURAL” VARIETY

BRICK ARRANGEMENT TERMINOLOGY Common course pattern for structure and appearance: Stretcher – Bricks laid flat end to end. Soldier – Laid vertically so the outside long edge shows. Rowlock - Laid so the end shows, vertically. Header – Laid so the end shows, horizontally

Brickwork Terminology Header - Bonds two wythes together Wythe: vertical layer 1 unit thick Rowlock - laid on face, end visible REFER TO PAGE 269 Course HORIZONTAL LAYER OF MASONRY UNITS Head & Bed Joints Wythe VERTICAL LAYER OF UNITS - ONE UNIT THICK Stretcher FACE PARALLEL TO WALL LONG DIMENSION HORIZONTAL Header LAID TO BOND TWO WYTHES TOGETHER Soldier LAID ON ITS END USES- VISUAL EFFECT Rowlock LAID ON ITS FACE END VISIBLE USES - CAPS, SILLS SLIDE 4280-3 Stretcher - long dimension horizontal & face parallel to the wall Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel

Brick Masonry - Sizes and Shapes There is a standard size Normal coursing - 3 modular bricks = 8” Larger sizes available Custom shapes & colors are available No “standard” size SOME “COMMON” BRICK SIZES “Normal” coursing - 3 bricks = 8” MATCH CMU COURSING Larger sizes MORE ECONOMICAL TO LAY HIGHER STRENGTH BUT - CHANGE WALL APPEARANCE Custom Shapes & Colors AVAILABLE - BUT LEAD TIME COST

General Principles in Brick Masonry Construction The bricks should of uniform size, shape and colour. The bricks used in good work should be sound, hard and well burnt. The brick work Should be carried out in proper bond, preferably in english bond. The brick courses should be laid truly horizontal and should be truly vertical joints.