Steve Chao & Maha Hamid. Day 1 After reviewing the syllabus for the two weeks, we moved to laboratory to take apart and rebuild two cosmic ray detector.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
QUARKNET 2011 SESSION 1 1. Abstract Week One Hardware Performance Plateauing Flux Shower Lifetime Purpose, Research Question, Hypothesis Experimental.
Advertisements

Going Smaller than Atoms AQA Syllabus A A Level Physics – Module 2 © T Harrison. The National School.
Measurement of lifetime for muons captured inside nuclei Advisors: Tsung-Lung Li Wen-Chen Chang Student: Shiuan-Hal Shiu 2007/06/27.
Varan Satchithanandan Mentor: Dr. Richard Jones.  explains what the world is and what holds it together  consists of:  6 quarks  6 leptons  force.
Conducted by: Adrian Lorenzana David Harris Muon Speed/Lifetime Study.
Nuclear Physics Part 1: The Standard Model
Sub-Atomic Particles Another building block of matter?? Richard Lasky – Summer 2010.
Calorimetry and Showers Learning Objectives Understand the basic operation of a calorimeter (Measure the energy of a particle, and in the process, destroy.
CRAnE: A JAS-based Data Acquisition System for Cosmic Rays Jennifer Docktor & Manuel Reyes Mentors Tom Glanzman & Willy Langeveld August 13, 2003 Department.
Muon Decay Experiment John Klumpp And Ainsley Niemkiewicz.
Energy from fusion - “that” equation. The energy from stars comes from nuclear fusion in the core. Light nuclei fuse together & release energy - it takes.
Forward Detectors and Measurement of Proton-Antiproton Collision Rates by Zachary Einzig, Mentor Michele Gallinaro INTRODUCTION THE DETECTORS EXPERIMENTAL.
My Chapter 30 Lecture.
QuarkNet Muon Data Analysis with Shower Array Studies J.L. FISCHER, A. CITATI, M. HOHLMANN Physics and Space Sciences Department, Florida Institute of.
James Westover Dan Linford.  Background  Production and Lifetime  The Apparatus  Discussion of our procedure and results  Questions.
Recreating the Big Bang with the World’s Largest Machine Prof Peter Watkins Head of Particle Physics Group The University of Birmingham Admissions Talk.
Jeopardy Jeopardy PHY101 Chapter 12 Review Study of Special Relativity Cheryl Dellai.
QuarkNet July 2010 Najla Mackie & Tahirah Murphy.
Fisica Generale - Alan Giambattista, Betty McCarty Richardson Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies s.r.l. 1 Chapter 30: Particle Physics Fundamental.
What on earth is Particle Physics? Divine Kumah European Particle Physics Lab Geneva, Switzerland.
The Nucleus Nucleons- the particles inside the nucleus: protons & neutrons Total charge of the nucleus: the # of protons (z) times the elementary charge.
Quarks and Leptons Announcements 1.Recitation this week in lab. BRING QUESTIONS ! 2.See my by Wed. if you have any grading issues with your exam. 3.Reading.
Brian Lowery July 11,  Primary  From space ▪ Lower energy cosmic rays come from sun ▪ Higher energy cosmic rays come from other places in the.
CEBAF The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerating Facility (CEBAF) at JLab in Newport News, Virginia, is used to study the properties of quark matter. CEBAF.
QuarkNet and Cosmic Ray Muon Flux Experiments Florida Academy of Sciences Spring Conference 2009 Alfred Menendez and Michael Abercrombie with Dr. Marcus.
Fiducial Cuts for the CLAS E5 Data Set K. Greenholt (G.P. Gilfoyle) Department of Physics University of Richmond, Virginia Goal: To generate electron fiducial.
Goal: To enjoy particle physics Objectives: Quarks, neutrinos, and Leptons – Oh my!
Particle Detectors January 18, 2011 Kevin Stenson.
Phy107 Fall From Last Time… Particles are quanta of a quantum field –Often called excitations of the associated field –Particles can appear and.
The Theory of (Almost) Everything Standard Model.
Measurement of the Muon’s Lifetime & Cosmic Ray Flux J.C.Xu Q.Y.Tang
Standard Model of Particle Physics
Calibration Instructions for Quarknet Cosmic Ray Detector
The Standard Model of Particle Physics
PHL424: 4 fundamental forces in nature
Muon Lab Theory Muons (standard model) Cosmic rays Life time
Particle Physics Lesson 6
A Brief Introduction to Quarknet and Particle Physics
The Standard Model An Introduction to Particle Physics
QuarkNet and Cosmic Ray Muon Flux Experiments
Particle accelerators
QuarkNet Beyond the First Year
Unit 7.3 Review.
The Standard Model strong nuclear force electromagnetic force
A –Level Physics: Nuclear Physics Particle Classification
Particle Physics.
The Life and Times of Cosmic-ray Muons
PHL424: 4 fundamental forces in nature
Elementary particles Spring 2005, Physics /24/2018 Lecture XXV.
The Mysterious Nucleus
Detecting Particles: The Spark Chamber
The Mysterious Nucleus
HCP: Particle Physics Module, Lecture 2
Particle physics.
History of Particle Nuclear Physics!
Particle Physics and The Standard Model
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES.
Do Now An electron in a hydrogen atoms drops from n=5 to n=4 energy level. What is the energy of the photon in eV? What is the frequency of the emitted.
PHOTONICS What is it?.
The idea behind particle accelerators (atom smashers):
Quarks and Leptons Announcements
Particle Physics Lesson 6
Modern Studies of the Atom
Fundamental Particles
Lesson 4: Forces and Bosons
Atomic Structure Basic and Beyond.
Austin Park and Willie Dong
Propagation and Antennas
Particle Physics and The Standard Model
Lesson 4: Forces and Bosons
Presentation transcript:

Steve Chao & Maha Hamid

Day 1 After reviewing the syllabus for the two weeks, we moved to laboratory to take apart and rebuild two cosmic ray detector paddles. We learned that to get the most effective results, absolutely no light must enter the interior of the apparatus.

Group 1: Maha and Steve Group 2: Najla and Tahirah

1 st Attempt to Plateau Our group was assigned to work with the 6000 series counters. We placed counters 0 and 1 together in a stacked configuration and disabled counters 2 and 3. These counters were connected to a program on the computer which read their information constantly. We set the voltage of both counters to 0.70 V; increasing by 0.02 V after every minute. After every minute, we recorded the count rate and uncertainty of the counters in hexadecimal, which were converted for us in excel.

Our data yielded a plot which made it apparent that our plateau value was at 0.75 V. Note: Plateaus that appear at the near beginning or near end of a graph do not count as valid plateau values.

Performance Study 1 This performance study was definitely not a success. A performance study should look something like a normal curve with preferably one peak. We had a problem!

The Problem! We were very curious about why we ended up with a very unsuccessful graph, so we decided to inspect the material a bit. We discovered that the counters were plugged in the wrong slots. Counter 1 was plugged into the slot for counter 3. Therefore, we were not really measuring two stacked paddles, but measuring one paddle and a disabled one.

Plateau 2 We ran the plateau process once again, this time changing the voltage by 0.1 every minute. Our plateau value this time was 0.9 V, a value slightly higher than the one obtained in the first process.

Performance Test 2 Success! We finally obtained a graph worthy of a long and tedious plateau process. This graph is slightly skewed the right with one high peak coming from channel 2.

Performance for Flux Study We collected data for five days and used that data to do a flux study. A flux study studies the consistency of the events over time. A more stable graph shows the consistency of the data. The graph to the right shows the performance study for the data collected.

The Flux Study These graphs show the stability and consistency of the data collected over the elapsed time. Cosmic ray flux vs. time graph over the period of time.

The Theory of Relativity According to Einstein, time travel is possible. Time changes depending on relative speed. However, this is only relevant when looking at objects moving at speeds over 30,000,000 km/hour (close to the speed of light)

Lifetime Study We let the detectors run for approximately 18 hours (4:00pm – 10:00am) the next day. The graph to the right shows the number of decays as a function decay from the muon entered the scintillator. Muons entering the atmosphere decay with a mean time of 2.2 microseconds So traveling at close to the speed of light, they should only make it halfway through the atmosphere (5/10 km) Their existence is evidence for the theory of relativity

Shower Study We ran another data collection session over night in order to conduct a shower study. This time the paddles were un- stacked so that the coincidence of all 4 paddles would be measured, which would depict a cosmic ray shower.

Other Things We Learned Quarks are the building blocks of protons. Each proton contains three quarks, 2 up quarks and 1 down quark, giving it a total charge of 1. There is no such thing as a free quark. 2 most fundamental types of particles are quarks and leptons, which are divided into 6 “flavors”. Leptons consist of electrons and neutrinos (low mass particles with no charge) An anti-electron is a positron A graviton is a gravity force carrier Baryons are particles made of 3 quarks and Mesons are particles made of 2 quarks. Gluons hold the nucleus together and bind the quarks to one another.

Fermilab and CERN Fermilab located in Batavia near Chicago, Illinois A US Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics. 7 km in circumference CERN The European Organization for Nuclear Research the world's largest particle physics laboratory, situated in the northwest suburbs of Geneva on the Franco– Swiss border established in km in circumference, almost 4 times as big as Fermilab. At these facilities, protons are collided for the purpose of creating new particles. The muons we worked with in our lab can all be products of the experiments done at CERN and Fermilab.

THANK YOU!