Teaching Point: “To Review for the 3 rd Quarter’s Test #2.” Do Now Discussion: Why do you think changing study habits is so difficult? Why is it so often we start with a great attitude and then fumble when it comes time to actually do the work?

TP: “To Review for the 3 rd Quarter’s Test #2.” Parts of a Water Cycle Diagram

Water Table- the boundary between unsaturated and saturated soil in the ground. Underground Boundary for Water

All three of these beakers with soil grains have the same porosity- the same % of open spaces Soil Grain Sizes (largest to smallest): Boulder, Cobbles, Pebbles, Sand, Silt, Clay Different Grain Size – Same Porosity TP: “To analyze the relationships between soils and water infiltration.”

The higher the porosity, the faster the infiltration rate. Porosity and Infiltration Rate High Porosity  High Infiltration Low Porosity  Low Infiltration TP: “To analyze the relationships between soils and water infiltration.”

Factors affecting soil porosity: 1. packing of soil grains 2. shape of soil grains 3. sorting of grains (i.e. different size grains or all one size) More or Less Empty Spaces TP: “To analyze the relationships between soils and water infiltration.”

Permeability- how quickly soil or rock allows water to pass through it.  High permeability = high rate of infiltration (measured in cm/s)  Higher porosity = higher permeability Porosity Connects to Permeability TP: “To analyze relationships between soil porosity and soil permeability.”

Larger soil grains = higher permeability Smaller soil grains = lower permeability Grain Size and Permeability Soil Permeability and Grain Size Animation TP: “To analyze the other factors affecting the permeability of soil and rock.”

Higher soil saturation = lower permeability = more runoff Lower soil saturation = higher permeability = less runoff Soil Saturation and Permeability TP: “To analyze the other factors affecting the permeability of soil and rock.”

Steeper slopes = lower permeability = more runoff Shallow slopes = higher permeability = less runoff Land Slopes and Permeability TP: “To analyze the other factors affecting the permeability of soil and rock.”

More plant growth = higher permeability = less runoff Less plant growth = less permeability = more runoff Vegetation and Permeability TP: “To analyze the other factors affecting the permeability of soil and rock.”

Paved roads or frozen ground = little or no permeability = most runoff Exposed ground = more permeability = least runoff Ground State and Permeability TP: “To analyze the other factors affecting the permeability of soil and rock.”

Capillary Action- the upward movement of water against gravity through pore spaces.  Lower porosity = higher capillarity Upward Motion of Water TP: “To analyze the relationships between soil grain size, capillarity, and water retention.”

Grain Size and Capillarity Increased Capillarity Small grain size = high capillarity Large grain size = low capillarity TP: “To analyze the relationships between soil grain size, capillarity, and water retention.”

How much water that left behind after most has infiltrated through is called a soil’s water retention  Small grains retain more water  Bigger grains retain less water Water Stuck Around the Grains TP: “To analyze the relationships between soil grain size, capillarity, and water retention.”

Class Activity- Review Packet Instructions: Take out your review packet and let’s begin reviewing it. TP: “To Review for the 3 rd Quarter’s Test #2.”

Lesson Summary In your tables of four, go back into your notes and consider what we have just learned today, and then… 1. Identify three (3) important concepts we learned today 2. Place those the three in order from the most important concept to least important. TP: “To Review for the 3 rd Quarter’s Test #2.”