General: Understand the concepts underlying Mendelian Genetics. Specific: 1. Identify the factors that influence individuality. 2. Describe the experiment.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Genetics: an Introduction
Advertisements

copyright cmassengale
1 Mendelelian Genetics 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits.
1 Introduction to Genetics All-Star Science 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits Genetics Father of Genetics.
Vocabulary C12L03C12. dominant & recessive Allele - alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait (dominant & recessive) e.g. flower.
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity. Important Terms 1. Traits – characteristics that are inherited 2. Heredity – passing on of characteristics from parents to.
copyright cmassengale
MENDELIAN GENETICS 1. GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL  Austrian monk  Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants  Developed the laws of inheritance  Mendel's.
1 Mendelelian Genetics 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits.
1 Mendelian Genetics 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits.
Mendelian Genetics. Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the laws governing Inheritance of Traits.
1 Mendelelian Genetics copyright cmassengale. 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits.
1 Intro to Mendelelian Genetics 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits.
1 Mendel and Heredity 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits.
Genetics Ms. Tetrev.
Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Adapted from :
THE NECESSARY VOCABULARY & OTHER FACTS.  GREGOR MENDEL – THE FATHER OF GENETICS  AUSTRIAN MONK  RESEARCHED HOW TRAITS ARE PASSED FROM GENERATION TO.
An Introduction to Genetics: The Work of Gregor Mendel CHAPTER 11.
Genetics by Mendel 1 ONE GENE WITH TWO ALLELES CONTROLING TWO CONTRASTING/ ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF A SPECIFIC TRAIT IS CALLED MENDELELIAN GENETICS.
1 Mendelian Genetics 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits.
1 Mendelian Genetics copyright cmassengale 2 Genetic Terminology  Trait - any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring  Heredity.
Chapter 10. form dominant recessive  Allele - alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait (dominant & recessive) two  Dihybrid.
Inheritance of Traits.
Ch Mendel’s Discoveries Objectives: 1.Compare and contrast the blending hypothesis and the particulate hypothesis of inheritance. 2.Describe the.
Intro to Mendelelian Genetics
MENDELIAN GENETICS. Gregor Johann Mendel ( ) Austrian Monk Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants Developed the laws of inheritance.
TODAY (11/29) Turn in your Mutated Monsters Worksheet
The Work of Mendel. Heredity: the passing of traits from parents to offspring Genetics: Study of heredity Traits -inherited characteristics.
Genetics Notes Gregor Mendel Father of genetics Austrian monk worked with pea plants.
Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Section 2: Mendel's Theory Section 3: Studying Heredity Section4: Complex Patterns of Heredity Chapter 8 Mendel and.
1 Please pick up a copy of the notes. Please pick up a copy of the notes.
1 Mendelian Genetics. Genetic Terminology copyright cmassengale 2 Heredity – passing of traits from parent to offspring Trait – any characteristic that.
Quick Review Mitosis, Karyotypes and Meiosis 1. Meiosis KM2 Karyotyping.
1 Mendelelian Genetics copyright cmassengale 2 Gregor Mendel ( ) Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits Called the “Father.
The life and work of Gregor Mendel Over seven years, Mendel experimented on more than 28,000 pea plants! Why were his experiments so successful? Pea.
SS 3 Biology Lesson WK 2 TOPIC: Inheritance (Genetics)
Introduction to Genetics
Intro to Mendelelian Genetics
Mendelian Heredity (Fundamentals of Genetics) Chapter 9
Patterns of Inheritance
Fundamentals of Genetics
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
Genetics.
Mendelian Genetics 6/14/2018 Genetics.
copyright cmassengale
MENDEL & MEIOSIS.
copyright cmassengale
Heredity The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring.
Mendelelian Genetics Mendelian Genetics 11/7/2018
Mendelian Genetics 11/7/2018 Mendelelian Genetics.
EQ: How is the work of Gregor Mendel pertinent in genetics today?
Fundamentals of Genetics
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity
Gregor Mendel “The Father of Genetics”
Intro to Mendelelian Genetics
Mendelelian Genetics Mendelian Genetics 11/23/2018
copyright cmassengale
Gregor Johann Mendel Austrian monk, mathematician by trade
10.2 Mendelian Genetics Genetics – The science of heredity.
Review: Meiosis + Zygote Sperm Father’s Characteristics Egg
Punnett Squares.
Mendelelian Genetics Mendelian Genetics 1/16/2019
Genetics.
copyright cmassengale
Mendelian Genetics 2/24/2019 Mendelelian Genetics.
Heredity The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring.
Mendel and Genetics Genetics – study of heredity.
Mendelelian Genetics (pgs )
Presentation transcript:

General: Understand the concepts underlying Mendelian Genetics. Specific: 1. Identify the factors that influence individuality. 2. Describe the experiment of Mendel and explain their importance to the science of heredity. 3. Solve monohybrid crosses.

 Background about Gregor Mendel’s life.  Mendel and his experiment.  Characteristics of the garden pea.  Dominant and Recessive Traits  Monohybrid Crosses

Responsible for the Laws governing Inheritance of Traits

 Austrian Monk  Studied at the Agustinian Monastary of St. Thomas in Brno  Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants  Developed the laws of inheritance  Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century

 Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel cultivated and tested some 28,000 pea plants  He found that the plants' offspring retained traits of the parents  Called the “Father of Genetics"

 Many earlier investigations was done that produced hybrid peas by crossing different varieties.  Large number of true-breeding varieties was available.

 Pea plants are small and easy to grow and they have relatively short generation.  Both the male and female sexual organs are enclosed within the pea flower.

 Pollen contains sperm  Produced by the stamen  Ovary contains eggs  Found inside the flower Pollen carries sperm to the eggs for fertilization Self-fertilization can occur in the same flower Cross-fertilization can occur between flowers

C. True-breeding A. Cross-breeding B. Hybrid-breeding

 Allowed pea plants of a given variety to produce offspring by self-fertilization for several years. (True-breeding)  Performed crosses between varieties exhibiting alternative forms of characters. (cross-breeding)  Permitted the hybrid offspring to produce by self fertilization for several generations.

True-breeding Cross-breeding Hybrid-breeding

2 B 2 2,,

 Flower color --- Purple (W) or white ( w )  Seed Color ---- Yellow (G) or Green ( g )  Seed shape --- Round (W) or Wrinkled (w)  Pod Color --- Green (Y) or Yellow (y)  Pod Shape --- Inflated(C) or Constricted ( c )  Flower position---Axial (T) or Terminal (t)  Plant Height --- Tall (D) or Dwarf (d)

 Dominant - stronger genes are expressed in the hybrid; represented by a capital letter (R)  Recessive - gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a lowercase letter (r)

 Homozygous - gene combination involving 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes (e.g. RR or rr); also called pure  Homozygous - gene combination involving 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes (e.g. RR or rr); also called pure  Heterozygous - gene combination of one dominant & one recessive allele (e.g. Rr); also called hybrid

 PHENOTYPE is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism: such as its morphology and development.  GENOTYPE isthe genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual. Represented by letters (WW, YY, Yy, Dd)

 An alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.

True-breeding Cross-breeding Hybrid-breeding

 Used to determine if an individual exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for that trait.dominant trait homozygousheterozygous

True-breeding Cross-breeding Hybrid-breeding

 Cross between two individuals having single traits of particular interest.  Monohybrid inheritance is the inheritance of a single characteristic. Example: Plant Seed Color (Yellow x Green) Flower Position (Axial x Terminal)

 Parental P 1 Generation = the parental generation in a breeding experiment.  F 1 generation = the first-generation offspring in a breeding experiment. (1st filial generation)  From breeding individuals from the P 1 generation  F 2 generation = the second-generation offspring in a breeding experiment. (2nd filial generation)  From breeding individuals from the F 1 generation

 a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.  Reginald C. Punnett Reginald C. Punnett

 Trait: Flower Color W – Purplew – White W – Purplew – White  Cross: Purple Flower x White Flower  WW x ww w w WW WwWw WwWwWwWw WwWw F1 Genotype:Ww F1 Genotype: Ww F1 PhenotypePurple F1 Phenotype: Purple Ratio:All alike Ratio: All alike

36  Trait: Flower Color Ww – Purple Ww – Purple Ww – Purple Ww – Purple  Cross: Purple Flower x Purple Flower  W w x W w W w w W WW ww WwWw WwWw F2 Genotype: _____ F2 Phenotype F2 Phenotype: _____ Genotype Ratio: ___ Phenotype Ratio Phenotype Ratio: ___

 UNIT FACTORS IN PAIRS  Genetic characters are controlled “unit factors” that exist in pairs.  DOMINANCE/RECESSIVENESS  When two unlike unit factors is responsible for a single trait, one unit factor is dominant and the other is unexpressed.  SEGREGATION  During gamete formation, the paired unit factors separate or segregate. GENES

 In summer squash, white fruit color (Y) is dominant over yellow fruit color (y). If a squash plant homozygous for white is crossed with a plant homozygous for yellow, what will the phenotypic and genotypic ratios be for: a. the F 1 generation? b. the F 2 generation?

 LAW of DOMINANCE  LAW Of SEGREGATION  LAW IF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

 Law of Dominance- States that when pure-breeding plants having contrasting characters are crossed, all the offspring will show only one of the characters. That which appears is the dominant character; that which does not appear is the recessive character.

 Principle of Segregation- For any particular trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele passes from each parent on to an offspring.

It describes how genes are transmitted from parent to offspring.

 Principle of Independent Assortment- Different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently of each other. The result is that new combinations of genes present in neither parent are possible. For example, a pea plant's inheritance of the ability to produce purple flowers instead of white ones does not make it more likely that it will also inherit the ability to produce yellow pea seeds in contrast to green ones.