Unit 3: Global Art Developed by Cynthia Millis and Lisa Wildermuth for Online Model ARTS 1303 Course - 2015

Islamic Please study the related Map and Timeline in the required text.

Major Dynasties Umayyad 661-750, 756-1031 Abbasid 750-1258 Fatimid 909-1171 Nasrid 1232-1492 Mamluk 1250-1517 Ottoman 1281-1924 Safavid 1501-1732 after Gardner’s Art Through the Ages by Fred Kleiner

The term “Islamic Art” can be misunderstood The term “Islamic Art” can be misunderstood. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met) and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), what is “Islamic Art” – what does it include? http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/orna/hd_orna.htm http://www.lacma.org/islamic_art/intro.htm (Left) Title : Ardebil Carpet Title : detail with inscription Date : 1539-40 Repository : Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039913614 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wRHErWn4u (Center) Creator : Iran, Isfahan Title : Mihrab and Inscription Frieze from a Mosque Date : c. 1500 Repository : The Cleveland Museum of Art Repository : Cleveland, Ohio, USA Repository : Gift of Katharine Holden Thayer Repository : 1962.23 Repository : http://www.clemusart.com/ ARTstor : AMICO_CL_103800788 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8D1Efjk2NjsgQi85cDV6Q3Yp (Right) Creator : Built by Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik; exterior mosaic was completely replaced by Sulieman the Magnificent. Title : Temple Mount, Dome of the Rock / Qubbat Al-Sakhra Date : The mosque was built from 688 to 691 AD; exterior mosaic was repaired in the Mamluk period (1244 - 1510), and then completely replaced in 1545. The parapet wall with its inscription is contemporary; the tiling was replaced again between 1956 - 1962. ARTstor : ASITESPHOTOIG_10313389257 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CNaaSQwKSw0NzU8dSUURXorXXkgfFZ7ew%3D%3D

According to the text, the Met and LACMA, discuss the “rules” when it comes to figural imagery in Islamic art. Why is this so? Be sure to include the following in your discussion: >aniconic http://www.lacma.org/islamic_art/intro.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/figs/hd_figs.htm Title : Mecca: Great Mosque: Ref.: Miniature of Mohammed re-dedicating the Black Stone at the Kaaba Title : Great Mosque Title : Kaaba Date : c.994-1585 ARTstor : ARTSTOR_103_41822003212527 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3oqfl57fiM%3D

style. Which classical cultures were appropriated? >appropriate According to the Met, what are the three primary categories of aniconic Islamic decoration? 1. 2. 3. Islamic artists borrowed from the past to create their signature geometric pattern style. Which classical cultures were appropriated? >appropriate What other “non-art” influences contributed to the Islamic geometric pattern style? http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geom/hd_geom.htm

Founding of Islam

next slide. Be sure to include the following in your discussion: Using the text, the Met and LACMA, discuss the founding of Islam on this and the next slide. Be sure to include the following in your discussion: >Muhammad >Allah >Mecca >Qur’an/Koran www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/isla/hd_isla.htm http://www.lacma.org/islamic_art/eip.htm Title : Polychrome tile with depiction of the Kaaba at Mecca Date : ca. 1620-50 Repository : Istanbul, Sadberk Hanim Museum ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_10313186529 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej54RnsgUXosdg%3D%3D

>Kaaba >Medina/Yathrib >Hijra >Caliph >Shi’a >Sunni Title : Mecca: Great Mosque: Ref.: Miniature of Ali answering questions about Mohammed at the Kaaba Title : Great Mosque Title : Kaaba Date : c.994-1585 ARTstor : ARTSTOR_103_41822003212519 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3oqfl57fS4%3D

The Five Pillars

brief description of each) are: LACMA Still a part of the religious practice of Muslims today, the Five Pillars of Islam (and a brief description of each) are: http://www.lacma.org/islamic_art/eip.htm 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hajj

Early Islam

This building is the earliest surviving Islamic monument. Using your text and Archnet (a joint project by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and MIT), answer the following questions. The building is located in ______________ and houses _________________________ (thus its name). What is its connection to Judaism and Christianity? What does it commemorate for Muslims? The building is not a mosque. What is its purpose? www.archnet.org/sites/2814 (Top) Creator : Built by Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik; exterior mosaic was completely replaced by Sulieman the Magnificent. Title : Temple Mount, Dome of the Rock / Qubbat Al-Sakhra Date : The mosque was built from 688 to 691 AD; exterior mosaic was repaired in the Mamluk period (1244 - 1510), and then completely replaced in 1545. The parapet wall with its inscription is contemporary; the tiling was replaced again between 1956 - 1962. ARTstor : ASITESPHOTOIG_10313410710 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CNaaSQwKSw0NzU8dSUURXorXX4ufFp6eA%3D%3D (Bottom) Title : Dome of the Rock; interior view Date : 7th cent. ARTstor : LESSING_ART_10313048358 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2FThWdC8hIywtPygxFTx5RnsqW3Uge1A%3D

According to the text and Archnet, how is the building decorated? What is the symbolism of the decoration? www.archnet.org/sites/2814 (Left – Top) Creator : ordered by Caliph Abd al-Malik; exterior restoration ordered by Sultan Süleyman I Title : Haram al-Sharif; Dome of the Rock Title : interior Title : inner ambulatory; detail of mosaic Date : 691 ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039422436 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wSX8pWX4u (Right – Top) Creator : ordered by Caliph Abd al-Malik; exterior restoration ordered by Sultan Süleyman I Title : Haram al-Sharif; Dome of the Rock Title : interior Title : southwest arch Date : 691 ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039422435 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wSX8pWX4t (Bottom) Title : Dome of the Rock: Int.: central dome Date : c.691 ARTstor : ARTSTOR_103_41822000690741 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3ktclR7eiM%3D

TITLE: CULTURE/ARTIST: FORM & MEDIUM: WHEN: WHERE: HOW: WHAT: CONTEXT:

Now we turn to Early Mosque Architecture Now we turn to Early Mosque Architecture. Early mosques were modeled after _________________. This became standardized and includes the following features for performing specific functions: >Qibla >Minbar >Imam >Mihrab >Minaret >Muezzin Title : Plan of a Mosque Date : [n.d.] ARTstor : ARTSTOR_103_41822003211461 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CJGczI9NzldLS1WEDhzTnkrX3oqfl15eyE%3D

Match the term to the correct image Match the term to the correct image. (some terms and/or images used more than once) Minbar Imam Minaret Mihrab Muezzin (Top) Title : Great Mosque of Kairouan; courtyard Date : founded 836 ARTstor : LESSING_ART_10313455590 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2FThWdC8hIywtPygxFTx5RnsuXnkrcVQ%3D (Left – Bottom) Title : Great Mosque of Kairouan; minbar (pulpit) Date : 9th cent. ARTstor : LESSING_ART_10313455006 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2FThWdC8hIywtPygxFTx5RnsuXnkufVs%3D (Right – Bottom) Title : Great Mosque of Kairouan; minbar (pulpit), mihrab (prayer niche), and mosque lamp Date : founded 836 ARTstor : LESSING_ART_10313455588 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2FThWdC8hIywtPygxFTx5RnsuXnkrcF0%3D

TITLE: CULTURE/ARTIST: FORM & MEDIUM: WHEN: WHERE: HOW: WHAT: CONTEXT: Figure 10-7 in Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 15th edition

TITLE: CULTURE/ARTIST: FORM & MEDIUM: WHEN: WHERE: HOW: WHAT: CONTEXT: Figure 10-28 in Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 15th edition

Like mosque architecture, creating Qur’ans/Korans began as an early Islamic art form that continues today. Using your text, the Met site and the LACMA site, answer the following. Korans are written in _________ (language) and contain 114 _______ (chapters). Although there have been some Korans found in an earlier script, the most prevalent script for early Korans is _____________ (named for the town). The writing of a Koran is considered holy. Discuss this thought below including the term >calligraphy www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/qura/hd_qura.htm http://www.lacma.org/islamic_art/eia.htm Title : Qur'an Title : VII, 206; Kufic script, with surah heading for VIII Date : creation: 9th c. Repository : National Museum of Iran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran ARTstor : AMCADIG_10312187016 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8D1OdjArJCxdLS04eD5zS34oWA%3D%3D

Calligraphy is not reserved for manuscripts of the Koran alone. List other items or areas one might find calligraphy. (Right – Top) Title : Basin Title : detail of Mamluk emblem (?) and large-scale calligraphy Date : 1300-1350 Repository : London, British Museum ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1031315957 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej54RnstU3Up (Right – Bottom) Title : Dish with stylized calligraphy evoking stilts (long-legged birds) (Bol à l’échassier) Date : 10th-11th century Repository : Musée du Louvre ARTstor : AWSS35953_35953_30943226 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CdEdFUgJjg1QEI8dzF8KBUqVnQsfF14

TITLE: CULTURE/ARTIST: FORM & MEDIUM: WHEN: WHERE: HOW: WHAT: CONTEXT: Figure 10-21 in Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 15th edition

Later Islam

One of the most successful periods for later Islamic art comes during the reign of the Ottomans. Using the text, Met and LACMA sites outline the history of the Ottoman Empire below. Within the Ottoman period, the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent stands out as the “Golden Age”. Briefly describe this age using the text, Met and LACMA. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/otto1/hd_otto1.htm http://www.lacma.org/islamic_art/lip.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/suly/hd_suly.htm

The architecture of the age reached its height with this building for Suleyman the Magnificent’s son, Selim II. Designed by Suleyman’s premier architect, ________, it exemplifies Ottoman architecture. Using the text, describe the building’s plan and exterior. (Left) Creator : Sinan, Turkish (architect) Title : Selimiye Complex; Selimiye Kulliye Title : View Description: Plan (drawing) Date : built 1568-1574 ARTstor : ASAHARAIG_1113123412 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8CNSfTw1OTw9NEA6ez94R3guWno%3D (Right) Creator : ordered by Sultan Selim II Title : Mosque of Selim II Title : exterior Date : 1565-66 ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039586601 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wSHQnX38q

And now describe the interior… (Left) Creator : ordered by Sultan Selim II; designed and supervised by Mimar Sinan Title : Selimiye Complex; Mosque Title : interior Title : toward qibla wall Date : 1568-74 ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039802512 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wRXErWH0o (Center) Creator : ordered by Sultan Selim II; designed and supervised by Mimar Sinan Title : Selimiye Complex; Mosque Title : interior Title : minbar Date : 1568-74 ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039802525 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wRXErWH4s (Right) Creator : ordered by Sultan Selim II; designed and supervised by Mimar Sinan Title : Selimiye Complex; Mosque Title : interior Title : mihrab Date : 1568-74 ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039802517 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wRXErWH0t

TITLE: CULTURE/ARTIST: FORM & MEDIUM: WHEN: WHERE: HOW: WHAT: CONTEXT: Creator : ordered by Sultan Selim II; designed and supervised by Mimar Sinan Title : Selimiye Complex; Mosque Title : exterior Title : from west Date : 1568-74 ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039802469 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wRXErWXsk

Carpet weaving dates to pre-Islamic times in the Middle East Carpet weaving dates to pre-Islamic times in the Middle East. Carpets had a wide range of uses and many regional styles developed. With the success of the Islamic empire, came the success of the carpet weaving industry that flourishes today. View this video from UNESCO demonstrating several carpet-making techniques. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaBsaQwwV7Y Title : Ardebil Carpet Title : detail Date : 1539-40 Repository : London, Victoria and Albert Museum ARTstor : ISLAMIC_DB_1039913612 URL : http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=%2BCtfeTkiICgoKjNUej5wRHErWn4o

TITLE: CULTURE/ARTIST: FORM & MEDIUM: WHEN: WHERE: HOW: WHAT: CONTEXT: Figure 10-31 in Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 15th edition