1 Chapter 26 Unit 15 The Urinary System

Careers  Nephrology: The study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys  Urology: The branch of surgery associated with the urinary system

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e3 INTRODUCTION Anatomy:  2 Kidneys, 1 urethra, 2 ureter, 1 bladder, and a sphincter Physiology:  The main function of the kidneys is to filter the blood and produce urine  Urine is made up of water and solutes removed from our blood

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e4 External Anatomy of Kidney  Paired kidney-bean- shaped organ  4-5 in long, 2-3 in wide, 1 in thick  Found just above the waist between the peritoneum & posterior wall of abdomen

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney  The outside of a kidney is called the renal cortex and is reddish brown in color.  The inside of a kidney is called the renal medulla. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e5

Nephrons  The functional unit of a kidney is a nephron  There are millions of nephrons found in each of your kidneys. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e6

Nephron Anatomy  Blood enters the kidney through the glomerulus which is a ball of capillaries.  It is surrounded by a protective capsule called the Bowman’s capsule.  Blood is filtered here and then moves on to the rest of the nephron. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e7

Nephron Anatomy  At each step, the nephron is removing useful things from blood, like water, nutrients, minerals, and salts that were absorbed by the digestive system. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e8

Nephron Anatomy  After going through the nephron, all that’s left is waste.  The waste is collected in the collecting duct and sent to the ureter to travel to the bladder for storage. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e9

Urine  You produce 1 to 2 liters of urine every 24 hours.  Urine should be clear to pale yellow in color.  It is mildly aromatic and smells like ammonia when left standing  pH of urine ranges from 4.6 to 8.0, with an average of 6.0  95% of urine is water, the remaining 5% is electrolytes, salts, and drugs.  There should never be protein in your urine Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e10

Diuretics  Diuretics are substances that slow renal reabsorption of water and cause elevated urine flow.  These include coffee, tea, soda, and alcohol.  These all inhibit the secretion of ADH and cause you to pee more. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e11

The Bladder  The bladder is a hollow, stretchable muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity.  Urinary bladder capacity ranges from mL, slightly less in females because of the uterus Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e12

Urethra  The urethra is a small tube leading from the bladder to the exterior of the body.  In men, it also carries sperm. Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e13

Cytoscopy  During cytoscopy a small camera is inserted through the urethra into the bladder and/or prostate.  The bladder can be visually inspected and tissue samples can be collected Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e14

Draw a Kidney  Use page 996 as a reference  Include a picture and labels of important structures.  Must be colored Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e15

Development of the Urinary system  By week 3 of pregnancy, kidneys begin to form  Fetuses go through 3 pairs of kidneys before birth, only the last one remains at the time of birth  By month 3, fetuses begin producing urine, which remains in the amniotic fluid Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e16

Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e17 Aging and the Urinary System  After age 40, the effectiveness of kidney function begins to decrease.  Kidneys shrink  Filters less effectively, you are more thirsty  Diseases and infections are more common  Cancer of prostate is common in elderly men

Disease and Disorder Name CauseSymptomsSusceptibilityTreatmentPrognosis Nephroptosis Glucosuria Urinary Incontinence Kidney Stones Urinary Tract Infection Renal Failure Yeast Infection Kidney Transplant Nephroptosis Dialysis Aging

Class Project Create a 2D art project of the urinary system Solo project Write a 4 paragraph essay: –The anatomy of your urinary system –The physiology of your urinary system –How the urinary system contributes to homeostasis –How YOUR project shows the structure and function of urinary system Due 5/12 + 5/13