NS Physical Science Studies Atoms and Molecules

Matter is made of atoms Democritus the concept of atomism Robert Boyle “corpuscules” John Dalton law of multiple proportions Niels Bohr modern concept of the atom

Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons The Atomic Nucleus –Protons –Neutrons Electrons

Elements are determined by the number of protons in their nucleus Atomic number Atomic mass Valence

The Periodic Table The periodic table arranges the elements in such a way that you can tell what the element’s properties are and how they will behave chemically

Ions Ions are atoms with more or less electrons than normal –Cations –Anions –Ionic compounds

Isotopes Isotopes are atoms with more or less neutrons than normal –Radioactivity Fusion Fission –Half-life

Molecules Compounds are molecules made from two or more elements Mixtures Solutions

Key Concepts Matter is made of atoms Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons Elements are determined by the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom The periodic table arranges the elements in such a way that you can tell what the element’s properties are and how they will behave chemically

Key Concepts Isotopes are atoms with more or less neutrons than normal Ions are atoms with more or less electrons than normal Compounds are molecules with two or more elements A chemical change occurs when compounds change during an interaction with each other Physical changes occur when the appearance of the material changes but the molecules are not changed Mixtures are a physical combination of two or more elements or compounds Solutions are a chemical combination of a solute in a solvent