Foundations of American Education: Perspectives on Education in a Changing World, 15e © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Teaching in a Changing World

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-2 So You Want to be a Teacher!

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-3 Teachers are expected to Guide students’ academic achievement Guide students’ academic achievement Facilitate students’ social and physical development Facilitate students’ social and physical development Prepare an educated citizenry Prepare an educated citizenry Instill values of cooperation Instill values of cooperation Develop knowledge and skills for Information Age Develop knowledge and skills for Information Age Reflection Activity 1A Reflection Activity 1A Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al 1-2

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-4 Teachers’ and society Survey ranks Teaching number one profession Survey ranks Teaching number one profession Americans believe teaching most benefits society Americans believe teaching most benefits society Teachers ranked as most trusted group in society Teachers ranked as most trusted group in society Figures 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 Figures 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-5 Why Become a Teacher

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-6 U.S. Dept. of Education Data 3.2 million teachers in public schools 3.2 million teachers in public schools 400, 000 private schools 400, 000 private schools 932, 000 college and university faculty 932, 000 college and university faculty More than 60 percent elementary school level More than 60 percent elementary school level 411, 000 administrators and professionals 411, 000 administrators and professionals Approximately 1.25 million aides and support staff Approximately 1.25 million aides and support staff 1-4 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-7 Leaving the Profession Estimated 1 in five teachers leave by third year. Estimated 1 in five teachers leave by third year. Raise children Raise children Gain advanced degrees Gain advanced degrees Pursue another career Pursue another career Poor working conditions Poor working conditions Many other reasons Many other reasons Reflection Activity 1B, Fig. 1.5 and 1.6 Reflection Activity 1B, Fig. 1.5 and Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-8 Teacher Supply and Demand Population shifts, enrollment, and teacher- student ratio influence demand. Population shifts, enrollment, and teacher- student ratio influence demand. Currently no teacher shortage Currently no teacher shortage Wealthy districts rarely face shortages Wealthy districts rarely face shortages Urban and rural districts often lack qualified teachers Urban and rural districts often lack qualified teachers 1-6 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-9 Sources of New Teachers Approximately half first time teachers Approximately half first time teachers One-third experienced teachers (changing districts) One-third experienced teachers (changing districts) One-fifth experienced teachers (reentering field) One-fifth experienced teachers (reentering field) Career changers, retirees, through alternative programs Career changers, retirees, through alternative programs Some states allow teachers with content background Some states allow teachers with content background 1-7 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Critical shortages Special Education Bilingual teachers Math and Science Teachers ESL Teachers 1-8 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Teacher Diversity Diverse student population increasing Diverse student population increasing Teachers are majority white Teachers are majority white High demand for diverse teachers High demand for diverse teachers Teachers need skills in teaching in diverse schools Teachers need skills in teaching in diverse schools 1-9 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Teaching Dispositions Enthusiasm for discipline Enthusiasm for discipline Commitment to continuous learning Commitment to continuous learning Belief that all children can learn Belief that all children can learn Encourage multiple modes of communication Encourage multiple modes of communication Develop collaborative partnerships Develop collaborative partnerships 1-10 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved What is a highly qualified teacher? Quick Write

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Criteria for a Profession Professional Responsibilities Professional Responsibilities Professional Dispositions Professional Dispositions Understand, evaluate and use research Understand, evaluate and use research Professional Knowledge Professional Knowledge Professional Skills Professional Skills 1-11 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Criteria for a Profession (continued) Quality Assurance Quality Assurance Accreditation Accreditation Licensure Licensure Advanced certification Advanced certification Standards Standards 1-12 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Types of Professional Knowledge

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Types of Professional Knowledge Knowledge of content Pedagogical content – knowledge of appropriate content for the appropriate age General pedagogical – knowledge of appropriate instructional strategies Learners and learning – knowledge of the learner and learning styles.

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Is teaching a profession? Discuss with partner

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Becoming a teacher Obtain a license Obtain a license Required licensure test Required licensure test Search for a teaching position Search for a teaching position Teacher Mentors Teacher Mentors Fig. 1.7 Fig Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Improving your practice Systematic observation Systematic observation Take copious notes during observations Take copious notes during observations Reflect critically on your observations Reflect critically on your observations Keep a reflective journal Keep a reflective journal Collect and organize your teaching materials Collect and organize your teaching materials 1-13 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Teacher Challenges Salaries Salaries More than 75% of public support higher salaries More than 75% of public support higher salaries More than half surveyed would teach for $60, 000/yr More than half surveyed would teach for $60, 000/yr Additional benefits vary by district Additional benefits vary by district Working conditions differ greatly Working conditions differ greatly Grocery Store scenario Grocery Store scenario 1-14 Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson, et al

Foundations of American Education, 15e Johnson/Gollnick/Musial/Hall © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Exit Slip